Vromen Joyce M G, Lipp Ottmar V, Remington Roger W
a School of Psychology , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.
Cogn Emot. 2015;29(7):1185-96. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2014.969198. Epub 2014 Oct 20.
Stimulus-driven preferential attention to threat can be modulated by goal-driven attention. However, it remains unclear how this goal-driven modulation affects specific attentional components implied in threat interference. We hypothesise that goal-driven modulation most strongly impacts delayed disengagement from threat. A spatial cueing task was used that disentangles delayed disengagement from attentional capture by tightly manipulating the locus of attention at the time of target onset. Different top-down goals were induced by instructing participants to identify bird/fish targets (Experiment 1) or spider/cat targets (Experiment 2) among animal non-targets. Delayed disengagement from a non-target spider was observed only when the spider was part of the target set, not when it was task-irrelevant. This corroborates evidence that threat stimuli do not necessarily override goal-driven attentional control and that extended processing of threatening distractors is not obligatory.
由刺激驱动的对威胁的优先注意可受到目标驱动注意的调节。然而，尚不清楚这种目标驱动的调节如何影响威胁干扰中隐含的特定注意成分。我们假设目标驱动的调节对从威胁中延迟脱离的影响最为强烈。使用了一种空间线索任务，通过在目标出现时紧密操纵注意力的位置，将延迟脱离与注意捕获区分开来。通过指示参与者在动物非目标中识别鸟类/鱼类目标（实验1）或蜘蛛/猫类目标（实验2）来诱导不同的自上而下目标。仅当蜘蛛是目标集的一部分时，才观察到从非目标蜘蛛的延迟脱离，而当它与任务无关时则未观察到。这证实了以下证据：威胁刺激不一定会凌驾于目标驱动的注意控制之上，并且对威胁性干扰物的延长加工并非是必然的。
