Porter Travis R, Kent Shia T, Su Wei, Beck Heidi M, Gohlke Julia M
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Environ Health. 2014 Oct 23;13:85. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-13-85.
Previous research has shown exposure to air pollution increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes, although the effects of residential proximity to significant industrial point sources are less defined. The objective of the current study was to determine whether yearly reported releases from major industrial point sources are associated with adverse birth outcomes.
Maternal residence from geocoded Alabama birth records between 1991 and 2010 were used to calculate distances from coke and steel production industries reporting emissions to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Logistic regression models were built to determine associations between distance or yearly fugitive emissions (volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic compounds, and metals) from reporting facilities and preterm birth or low birth weight, adjusting for covariates including maternal age, race, payment method, education level, year and parity.
A small but significant association between preterm birth and residential proximity (≤5.0 km) to coke and steel production facilities remained after adjustment for covariates (OR 1.05 95% CI: 1.01,1.09). Above average emissions from these facilities of volatile organic compounds during the year of birth were associated with low birth weight (OR 1.17 95% CI: 1.06, 1.29), whereas metals emissions were associated with preterm birth (OR 1.07 95% CI: 1.01, 1.14).
The present investigation suggests fugitive emissions from industrial point sources may increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes in surrounding neighborhoods. Further research teasing apart the relationship between exposure to emissions and area-level deprivation in neighborhoods surrounding industrial facilities and their combined effects on birth outcomes is needed.
先前的研究表明，暴露于空气污染中会增加不良出生结局的风险，尽管居住在大型工业点源附近的影响尚不明确。本研究的目的是确定主要工业点源每年报告的排放是否与不良出生结局相关。
利用1991年至2010年阿拉巴马州地理编码出生记录中的产妇居住地，计算从向美国环境保护局报告排放的焦炭和钢铁生产行业的距离。建立逻辑回归模型，以确定报告设施的距离或每年无组织排放量（挥发性有机化合物、多环芳烃和金属）与早产或低出生体重之间的关联，并对包括产妇年龄、种族、支付方式、教育水平、年份和平等在内的协变量进行调整。
在对协变量进行调整后，早产与居住在距焦炭和钢铁生产设施≤5.0公里处之间仍存在小但显著的关联（比值比1.05，95%置信区间：1.01，1.09）。这些设施在出生年份的挥发性有机化合物排放量高于平均水平与低出生体重相关（比值比1.17，95%置信区间：1.06，1.29），而金属排放与早产相关（比值比1.07，95%置信区间：1.01，1.14）。
本调查表明，工业点源的无组织排放可能会增加周边社区不良出生结局的风险。需要进一步研究梳理工业设施周边社区排放暴露与地区层面贫困之间的关系及其对出生结局的综合影响。
