Wiggins Tom, Kumar Sacheen, Markar Sheraz R, Antonowicz Stefan, Hanna George B
Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015 Jan;24(1):32-8. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0980. Epub 2014 Oct 25.
Gastroesophageal cancer has a rapidly increasing incidence worldwide and reliable biomarkers are urgently required to facilitate earlier diagnosis and improve survival. The aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan represent potential biomarkers and their relation to gastroesophageal cancer will be evaluated in this review. An electronic literature search was performed to identify all published research relating to the measurement of tyrosine, phenylalanine, or tryptophan in the biofluids or tissues of patients with gastroesophageal cancer. Sixteen studies were included in this systematic review. Six studies investigated serum concentrations, which all found decreased concentrations of these aromatic amino acids, except one study that found increased phenylalanine. Five studies reported increased concentrations within gastric content of these patients and two reported increased urinary concentrations. Tissue concentrations of these aromatic amino acids were increased in three studies. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan represent potential biomarkers of gastroesophageal cancer, and further research is necessary to definitively establish the mechanism responsible for altered concentrations of these compounds in patients with gastroesophageal cancer.
全球范围内，食管癌和胃癌的发病率正在迅速上升，迫切需要可靠的生物标志物以促进早期诊断并提高生存率。芳香族氨基酸酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸和色氨酸代表了潜在的生物标志物，本综述将对它们与食管癌和胃癌的关系进行评估。通过电子文献检索，识别所有已发表的有关测量食管癌和胃癌患者生物流体或组织中酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸或色氨酸的研究。本系统综述纳入了16项研究。6项研究调查了血清浓度，除一项研究发现苯丙氨酸浓度升高外，其余所有研究均发现这些芳香族氨基酸的浓度降低。5项研究报告了这些患者胃内容物中的浓度升高，2项研究报告了尿液浓度升高。3项研究发现这些芳香族氨基酸的组织浓度升高。酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸和色氨酸代表了食管癌和胃癌的潜在生物标志物，有必要进行进一步研究以明确确定食管癌和胃癌患者中这些化合物浓度改变的机制。
