Adv Clin Chem. 2014;66:101-19. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801401-1.00004-9.
Hyperlipidemia is an important public health problem with increased incidence and prevalence worldwide. Current clinical biomarkers, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol lack the necessary specificity and sensitivity and only increase significantly after serious dyslipidemia. Therefore, sensitive biomarkers are needed for hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia-specific biomarkers would improve clinical diagnosis and therapeutic treatment at early disease stages. The aim of metabolomics is to identify untargeted and global small-molecule metabolite profiles from cells, biofluids, and tissues. This method offers the potential for a holistic approach to improve disease diagnoses and our understanding of underlying pathologic mechanisms. This review summarizes analytical techniques, data collection and analysis for metabolomics, and metabolomics in hyperlipidemia animal models and clinical studies. Mechanisms of hypolipemia and antilipemic drug therapy are also discussed. Metabolomics provides a new opportunity to gain insight into metabolic profiling and pathophysiologic mechanisms of hyperlipidemia.
高脂血症是一个重要的公共卫生问题，在全球范围内发病率和患病率都在增加。目前的临床生物标志物，如甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，缺乏必要的特异性和敏感性，只有在严重血脂异常后才会显著升高。因此，需要敏感的生物标志物来诊断高脂血症。高脂血症特异性生物标志物将改善疾病早期阶段的临床诊断和治疗。代谢组学的目的是从细胞、生物体液和组织中鉴定非靶向和全局的小分子代谢物图谱。这种方法有可能提供一种整体方法来改善疾病诊断和我们对潜在病理机制的理解。本综述总结了代谢组学的分析技术、数据收集和分析，以及高脂血症动物模型和临床研究中的代谢组学。还讨论了降脂和抗脂药物治疗的机制。代谢组学为深入了解高脂血症的代谢特征和病理生理机制提供了新的机会。
