Lea Jackie, Cruickshank Mary
School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
J Clin Nurs. 2015 Apr;24(7-8):948-60. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12720. Epub 2014 Oct 24.
The aim of this paper is to present the findings from the new graduate nurse participants of a larger study that explored the transitional experiences of newly graduated nurses making the role transition in rural health care facilities in Australia.
Evidence indicates that workload, skill mix and organizational pressures are still of concern for new nursing graduates within the Australian context and internationally. Many graduates are expected by employers to have high levels of independence, well developed problem solving abilities and be able to assume management and leadership responsibilities early in their graduate year.
An exploratory, descriptive, qualitative case study design was utilised to determine the particular support needs over time that would assist with a safe transition to the rural nursing workforce. The aims of the study were to: (1) Explore the new graduate nurses' perceptions and experience of the nature and timing of support throughout their Transition to Practice Program in a rural setting; (2) Identify the functional elements of rural graduate nurse transition programs and develop guidelines that will assist in the design of Transition to Practice Programs that match the rural context and capacity.
A purposive sample of 15 new graduate nurses who had commenced a 12 month Transition to Practice Program within a rural health facility from northern New South Wales, Australia, participated in this study. In-depth individual interviews with the new graduate nurses were conducted at time intervals of three to four months, six to seven months and 10 to 11 months.
One of the key findings of this study is that as the new graduate nurse making the transition to professional rural nursing practice moves along the transition continuum, there are particular and unique aspects of the rural nurse's role and responsibilities for which the new graduate nurse will require specific learning support during their transition.
When the new graduate moves from the role of the student to the less familiar role of professional practitioner, it is important that a rural Transition to Practice Program offers an incrementally staged workload and responsibilities that recognises the graduate's beginning nurse status.
The study contributes new knowledge to the discussion of issues concerning support mechanisms for new graduate nurses as they make the transition to rural nursing practice.
本文旨在呈现一项规模更大的研究中，新毕业护士参与者的研究结果。该研究探讨了澳大利亚农村医疗机构中，新毕业护士角色转变的过渡经历。
有证据表明，在澳大利亚乃至国际范围内，工作量、技能组合和组织压力仍是新毕业护士所关注的问题。雇主期望许多毕业生具备高度的独立性、良好的问题解决能力，并能在毕业初期承担管理和领导职责。
采用探索性、描述性、定性案例研究设计，以确定随着时间推移，新毕业护士安全过渡到农村护理工作所需的特定支持需求。该研究的目的是：（1）探索新毕业护士在农村环境中参加实践过渡计划期间，对支持的性质和时机的看法与体验；（2）确定农村毕业护士过渡计划的功能要素，并制定有助于设计符合农村背景和能力的实践过渡计划的指南。
从澳大利亚新南威尔士州北部农村医疗机构中，选取了15名开始为期12个月实践过渡计划的新毕业护士作为有目的的样本，参与本研究。在三到四个月、六到七个月以及十到十一个月的时间间隔，对新毕业护士进行了深入的个人访谈。
本研究的一项关键发现是，随着新毕业护士向专业农村护理实践过渡，在过渡过程中，农村护士的角色和职责存在一些特殊和独特的方面，新毕业护士在这些方面需要特定的学习支持。
当新毕业护士从学生角色转变为不太熟悉的专业从业者角色时，农村实践过渡计划提供逐步增加的工作量和职责，承认毕业生的初级护士身份非常重要。
该研究为新毕业护士向农村护理实践过渡时支持机制相关问题的讨论贡献了新知识。
