Abiodun Rita O, Daniels Felicity, Pimmer Christoph, Chipps Jennifer
School of Nursing, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town.
Curationis. 2019 Aug 21;42(1):e1-e12. doi: 10.4102/curationis.v42i1.1906.
The student-to-nurse graduate transition is a pivotal phase in the professional development of nurses. In South Africa, this transition is part of a compulsory community service programme, which requires newly graduated nurses to work in rural and/or underserved areas for a period of 1 year.
The aim of this study was to review nurse graduates' experiences and support needs during their transition in the compulsory community service programme.
A qualitative systematic review of experiences was conducted. Qualitative research studies that addressed nurses' experience in South Africa (2008-2017) were identified in Cochrane, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, PubMed, SABINET, Science Direct, SCOPUS and Google Scholar databases. The systematic review methods included searching, sifting, abstracting and quality assessment of relevant qualitative studies by two reviewers and cross-checking by a third reviewer. Two reviewers independently performed blinded data extraction and quality assessment using the confidence in qualitative synthesis findings (ConQual) approach.
A total of 1257 studies were identified of which 12 met the inclusion criteria. Seven of the 12 studies were published articles and six were theses. The quality of the studies was found to be of high standard based on the ConQual rating. Four main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) rich developmental experiences through practice exposure, (2) difficulties in reconciling theory and practice, (3) contextual challenges in the workplace and (4) need for professional support structures, educational measures and public guidelines.
Although positive experiences were reported, various challenges emerged, indicating the need for more systematic support mechanisms during transition.
从学生到护士毕业生的过渡是护士职业发展中的关键阶段。在南非，这种过渡是义务社区服务计划的一部分，该计划要求新毕业的护士在农村和/或服务欠缺地区工作1年。
本研究旨在回顾护士毕业生在义务社区服务计划过渡期间的经历和支持需求。
对经历进行了定性系统评价。在Cochrane、乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（JBI）、学术搜索完整版、护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）、医学期刊数据库（PubMed）、南非国家商业与科技信息网（SABINET）、科学Direct、Scopus和谷歌学术数据库中，识别出2008年至2017年期间涉及南非护士经历的定性研究。系统评价方法包括两名评审员对相关定性研究进行检索、筛选、摘要和质量评估，以及第三名评审员进行交叉核对。两名评审员使用定性综合研究结果可信度（ConQual）方法独立进行盲态数据提取和质量评估。
共识别出1257项研究，其中12项符合纳入标准。12项研究中有7项是已发表的文章，6项是论文。根据ConQual评级，研究质量被认为是高标准的。分析得出四个主要主题：（1）通过实践接触获得丰富的发展经验，（2）理论与实践协调困难，（3）工作场所的背景挑战，（4）需要专业支持结构、教育措施和公共指南。
尽管报告了积极的经历，但也出现了各种挑战，表明在过渡期间需要更系统的支持机制。
