UMR Eco&Sols, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Montpellier, France.
UMR Eco&Sols, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Montpellier, France.
Front Plant Sci. 2014 Oct 15;5:548. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00548. eCollection 2014.
Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth and productivity. It is one of the most limiting macronutrients in soil because it is mainly present as unavailable, bound P whereas plants can only use unbound, inorganic phosphate (Pi), which is found in very low concentrations in soil solution. Some ectomycorrhizal fungi are able to release organic compounds (organic anions or phosphatases) to mobilize unavailable P. Recent studies suggest that bacteria play a major role in the mineralization of nutrients such as P through trophic relationships as they can produce specific phosphatases such as phytases to degrade phytate, the main form of soil organic P. Bacteria are also more effective than other microorganisms or plants at immobilizing free Pi. Therefore, bacterial grazing by grazers, such as nematodes, could release Pi locked in bacterial biomass. Free Pi may be taken up by ectomycorrhizal fungus by specific phosphate transporters and transferred to the plant by mechanisms that have not yet been identified. This mini-review aims to follow the phosphate pathway to understand the ecological and molecular mechanisms responsible for transfer of phosphate from the soil to the plant, to improve plant P nutrition.
磷（P）是植物生长和生产力的必需元素。它是土壤中最主要的限制大量营养素之一，因为它主要以不可用的结合态 P 的形式存在，而植物只能利用无结合态的无机磷酸盐（Pi），而 Pi 在土壤溶液中的浓度非常低。一些外生菌根真菌能够释放有机化合物（有机阴离子或磷酸酶）来动员不可用的 P。最近的研究表明，细菌通过营养关系在养分（如 P）的矿化中发挥主要作用，因为它们可以产生特定的磷酸酶，如植酸酶，来降解植酸盐，这是土壤有机 P 的主要形式。细菌在固定游离 Pi 方面也比其他微生物或植物更有效。因此，食草动物（如线虫）通过细菌捕食作用，可以释放锁定在细菌生物量中的 Pi。游离 Pi 可能通过特定的磷酸盐转运蛋白被外生菌根真菌吸收，并通过尚未确定的机制转移到植物中。这篇迷你综述旨在跟踪磷酸盐途径，以了解从土壤向植物转移磷酸盐的生态和分子机制，从而改善植物的磷营养。
