Hashemi Fereshteh, Zalaghi Roya, Enayatizamir Naeimeh
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jun 3;15(1):19352. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-02511-z.
This study investigated the effect of the application of apatite (Ap), some amendments (zeolite and molasses), and some microbial inoculations (plant-growth-promoting microorganisms; including Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Serendipita indica, Enterobacter cloacae, and Brevundimonas sp) on P in organic (Po) and P in inorganic (Pi) fractions, alkaline phosphatase activity, and Sorghum bicolor L. (Speedfed cultivar) growth in sandy soil with pH 7.8. A factorial pot experiment in a completely randomized design was performed with three replications, using microbial inoculants (non-inoculated, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Serendipita indica, Enterobacter cloacae, and Brevundimonas sp) and four amendments levels (control, Ap, Ap-Z (Ap-zeolite), and Ap-M (Ap-molasses)). Ap application increased all mineral fractions of P as follows: Ca10-P > Ca8-P > Ca2-P > Olsen P. Application of Ap-Z led to the increase of Olsen-P and Ca2-P to 1.21 and 1.67 fold as compared to Ap. Po was very low in soil, which was increased significantly with the application of amendments. In Ap-M treatments, the moderately labile Po and moderately non-labile Po increased significantly as compared to Ap treatments. Application of Ap-Z reduced pH more than Ap and Ap-M treatments. Furthermore, the largest amount of alkaline phosphatase was observed in Ap-M treatments. These findings show various mechanisms of microorganisms for using Ap in their metabolism in the presence of different amendments. Microbial inoculation (especially C. etunicatum) resulted in a decrease in pH and an increase in alkaline phosphatase. Application of amendments (Ap-Z and then Ap-M) resulted in better growth of Sorghum compared to control and Ap treatments. Application of Ap with zeolite and then molasses along with inoculation with plant-growth-promoting microorganisms were two useful solutions to improve the productivity of sandy soils.
本研究调查了施用磷灰石（Ap）、一些改良剂（沸石和糖蜜）以及一些微生物接种剂（促进植物生长的微生物，包括埃氏无梗囊霉、印度梨形孢、阴沟肠杆菌和短波单胞菌属）对pH值为7.8的沙质土壤中有机磷（Po）和无机磷（Pi）组分、碱性磷酸酶活性以及双色高粱（速生品种）生长的影响。采用完全随机设计进行了析因盆栽试验，重复三次，使用微生物接种剂（未接种、埃氏无梗囊霉、印度梨形孢、阴沟肠杆菌和短波单胞菌属）和四个改良剂水平（对照、Ap、Ap-Z（Ap-沸石）和Ap-M（Ap-糖蜜））。施用Ap增加了磷的所有矿质组分，顺序如下：Ca10-P＞Ca8-P＞Ca2-P＞ Olsen磷。与Ap相比，施用Ap-Z使Olsen-P和Ca2-P分别增加到1.21倍和1.67倍。土壤中Po含量非常低，施用改良剂后显著增加。在Ap-M处理中，与Ap处理相比，中度活性Po和中度非活性Po显著增加。施用Ap-Z比Ap和Ap-M处理更能降低pH值。此外，在Ap-M处理中观察到最大量的碱性磷酸酶。这些发现表明，在存在不同改良剂的情况下，微生物利用Ap进行代谢的机制各不相同。微生物接种（尤其是埃氏无梗囊霉）导致pH值降低和碱性磷酸酶增加。与对照和Ap处理相比，施用改良剂（Ap-Z，然后是Ap-M）使高粱生长更好。将Ap与沸石然后与糖蜜一起施用，再接种促进植物生长的微生物，是提高沙质土壤生产力的两种有效方法。
