Maack Danielle J, Buchanan Erin, Young John
a Department of Psychology , University of Mississippi , 205 Peabody Building, University , MS 38677 , USA.
Cogn Behav Ther. 2015;44(2):117-27. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2014.972443. Epub 2014 Nov 3.
Fear is a psychological construct inherent in assessment of and reaction to threat. Its expression has been associated with individual differences in temperament, personality, and behavioral inhibition. Defining and subsequently assessing these individual differences in fear as a trait-like variable, however, have been largely neglected by researchers. Although there are well-established measures of fear, these primarily assess response to phobic stimuli rather than a reaction tendency to acute fear. As such, the goals of the present studies were to create, pilot, and revise a scale to assess the general construct of trait-like response to fear as it relates to underlying individual differences. Following guidelines for scale development, outlined by Haynes, Richard, and Kubany (1995 [Content validity in psychological assessment: A functional approach to concepts and methods. Psychological Assessment, 7, 238-247]) results of the current investigation provide strong, initial support for the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of a new measure of trait-like fear: the Fight, Flight, Freeze questionnaire.
恐惧是评估威胁和对威胁做出反应时固有的一种心理结构。其表现与气质、性格和行为抑制方面的个体差异有关。然而，将这些恐惧方面的个体差异定义并随后作为一种特质样变量进行评估，在很大程度上被研究人员忽视了。尽管有成熟的恐惧测量方法，但这些方法主要评估对恐惧刺激的反应，而非对急性恐惧的反应倾向。因此，本研究的目的是创建、试用并修订一个量表，以评估与潜在个体差异相关的特质样恐惧反应的一般结构。遵循海恩斯、理查德和库巴尼（1995年[心理评估中的内容效度：概念和方法的功能方法。《心理评估》，7，238 - 247]）概述的量表开发指南，当前调查结果为一种新的特质样恐惧测量方法——“战斗、逃跑、冻结”问卷的因子结构、信度和结构效度提供了有力的初步支持。
