Misra Palash Jyoti, Mini G K, Thankappan K R
Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
Indian J Med Res. 2014 Sep;140(3):370-8.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: A comprehensive risk factor profile of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) has not been reported from tribal population in India. This survey was carried out to assess the prevalence of NCD risk factors among Mishing tribes in Assam using the WHO STEPs approach.
A total of 332 individuals of the Mishing tribe (men 54%) aged 25-64 yr were selected from Tinsukia district by multistage cluster sampling. Using the WHO STEPs approach information was collected on demographics, STEP 1 variables (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, diet) and measured STEP 2 variables (weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure). Multivariate analysis was used to find the relation between STEP 1 and STEP 2 variables.
Overall, tobacco use was 84 per cent (men 94%; women 73%, p0 <0.001) and alcohol use was 67 per cent (men 82%; women 50%, p0 <0.05); 86 per cent reported vigorous physical activity, (men 91%, women 82%; p0 < 0.05). Sixty eight per cent reported to consume unhealthy diet (less than five servings of fruits and vegetables/day), 11 per cent had abdominal obesity, 16 per cent were overweight and 26 per cent had hypertension. Non users of tobacco and those who consumed more fruits and vegetables had higher prevalence of overweight ( p0 <0.05). Among the hypertensives, 24 per cent were aware, 17 per cent treated and 2.4 per cent controlled their hypertension. Older individuals had higher hypertension prevalence ( p0 <0.05) compared to younger individuals.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco use, alcohol use and unhealthy diet habits were high among men and women in this population and were major NCD risk factors. An integrated approach of culturally appropriate population level and high risk strategies are warranted to reduce these risk factors and to enhance adequate control of hypertension.
世界卫生组织（WHO）建议的非传染性疾病（NCDs）综合风险因素概况在印度部落人口中尚未见报道。本调查采用WHO的“逐步调查”方法，评估阿萨姆邦米辛部落中NCD风险因素的流行情况。
通过多阶段整群抽样，从廷苏基亚区选取了332名年龄在25 - 64岁的米辛部落个体（男性占54%）。采用WHO的“逐步调查”方法，收集了人口统计学信息、第1阶段变量（烟草、酒精、身体活动、饮食）以及测量的第2阶段变量（体重、身高、腰围和血压）。采用多变量分析来找出第1阶段和第2阶段变量之间的关系。
总体而言，烟草使用率为84%（男性94%；女性73%，p0<0.001），酒精使用率为67%（男性82%；女性50%，p0<0.05）；86%的人报告有剧烈身体活动（男性91%，女性82%；p0<0.05）。68%的人报告饮食不健康（每天食用水果和蔬菜少于五份），11%的人有腹型肥胖，16%的人超重，26%的人患有高血压。不使用烟草者和食用更多水果和蔬菜者超重患病率更高（p0<0.05）。在高血压患者中，24%的人知晓自己患病，17%的人接受了治疗，2.4%的人血压得到控制。与年轻人相比，老年人高血压患病率更高（p0<0.05）。
该人群中男性和女性的烟草使用、酒精使用和不健康饮食习惯较为普遍，是主要的NCD风险因素。有必要采取一种综合方法，包括在人群层面采用适合文化背景的措施以及针对高风险个体的策略，以降低这些风险因素，并加强对高血压的充分控制。
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