Hazarika Chaya R, Babu Bontha V
Division of Socio-Behavioural, Health Systems & Implementation Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Feb;11(1):451-467. doi: 10.1007/s40615-023-01532-6. Epub 2023 Feb 8.
Hypertension is a serious condition that significantly increases the risks of several cardiovascular diseases. An estimated 1.28 billion adults aged 30-79 years worldwide have hypertension, and two-thirds of them live in low- and middle-income countries. Indigenous (tribal) populations are not exceptional to the threat of hypertension. Hence, there is a need to highlight the rising prevalence of hypertension among Indian tribes and to bring them under health care programmes. This paper reports the systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the prevalence of hypertension among Indian tribes by following the PRISMA guidelines. Three databases, viz. PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar and Scopus, were included. The gender-wise pooled prevalences were calculated, and forest plots were depicted. Other analyses were performed, including heterogeneity test, meta-regression and sub-group analysis. Of the 1010 studies obtained, 42 were included in this review. These studies covered tribal populations in different regions of India. The pooled prevalence of hypertension among men, women and combined were 23.66% (95% confidence interval (CI): 23.25 to 24.07%), 23.37% (95% CI: 22.99 to 23.75%) and 16.68% (95% CI: 16.10 to 17.28%) respectively. Considerable heterogeneity was found among these studies. The situation of increasing prevalence, as evident from this review, is worrisome as the hypertension epidemic will affect the poor tribal communities that cannot afford to pay for treatment expenses. Therefore, people's access to public health services must be improved. This review discusses the recent initiatives to reduce the burden of hypertension and other noncommunicable diseases in India and highlights the need of implementation research to strengthen these initiatives.
高血压是一种严重疾病，会显著增加多种心血管疾病的风险。据估计，全球有12.8亿年龄在30至79岁之间的成年人患有高血压，其中三分之二生活在低收入和中等收入国家。原住民（部落）群体也未能免受高血压的威胁。因此，有必要强调印度部落中高血压患病率的上升，并将他们纳入医疗保健计划。本文按照PRISMA指南报告了关于印度部落高血压患病率的文献的系统评价和荟萃分析。纳入了三个数据库，即PubMed/Medline、谷歌学术和Scopus。计算了按性别汇总的患病率，并绘制了森林图。还进行了其他分析，包括异质性检验、meta回归和亚组分析。在获得 的1010项研究中，本评价纳入了42项。这些研究涵盖了印度不同地区的部落人口。男性、女性及总体的高血压汇总患病率分别为23.66%（95%置信区间（CI）：23.25至24.07%）、23.37%（95%CI：22.99至23.75%）和16.68%（95%CI：16.10至17.28%）。在这些研究中发现了相当大的异质性。从本评价中可以明显看出患病率上升的情况令人担忧，因为高血压流行将影响那些无力支付治疗费用的贫困部落社区。因此，必须改善人们获得公共卫生服务的机会。本评价讨论了印度最近为减轻高血压和其他非传染性疾病负担所采取的举措，并强调了开展实施研究以加强这些举措的必要性。
