Vennam Bodhi Sri Vidya, Kuppli Sai Sushma, Kumar Bora Jayanta, Sahoo Soumya Swaroop, Gujjarlapudi Chaitanya, Bhimarasetty Devi Madhavi, Nerusu Ganga Nagamani, Goel Sonu
Department of Community Medicine, GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Department of Community Medicine, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
PLoS One. 2024 Dec 27;19(12):e0312729. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312729. eCollection 2024.
All Indian ethnic groups are experiencing an upsurge in the prevalence of hypertension. The objective of the present study was to explore the association between socioeconomic and behavioral factors of hypertension among the tribal population of India.
We used the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) round 5 data conducted in 2019-2021. The final sample size was 67263 tribal women and 8441 tribal men aged 15 to 49 years. Chi-square test and the Cochran-Armitage trend test were employed to evaluate the association. Complex samples logistic regression analysis was conducted using clusters and sampling weights. Interstate variation of the prevalence of hypertension by gender was depicted with spatial maps.
The prevalence of hypertension among tribal women and men was 12% and 16·2%, respectively. All the independent variables were included in the multivariate model as all were significant at p<0.25 in bivariate analysis. Among both tribal women and men increasing age and at-risk waist hip ratio had higher likelihood ratios for hypertension. Among women, urban residence, lower education status, wealth status and consumption of alcohol were found to be significant predictors of hypertension. Among men, usage of smokeless tobacco was strongly associated with hypertension.
Our study highlights a higher prevalence of hypertension found in older age, smokeless tobacco users, and abdominal obesity risk among the tribal population. There are interstate variations in the prevalence of hypertension among both men and women. These findings help in identifying the risk factors and geographical locations to be prioritized for hypertension prevention and control and in formulating health action plans focused on the tribal population in India. Appropriate intervention approaches need to be adopted to increase hypertension awareness and control practices, specifically focusing on tribals.
所有印度族群的高血压患病率都在激增。本研究的目的是探讨印度部落人口中高血压的社会经济和行为因素之间的关联。
我们使用了2019 - 2021年进行的第五轮全国家庭健康调查（NFHS）数据。最终样本量为67263名年龄在15至49岁之间的部落女性和8441名部落男性。采用卡方检验和 Cochr an - Armitage趋势检验来评估关联。使用聚类和抽样权重进行复杂样本逻辑回归分析。用空间地图描绘了按性别划分的高血压患病率的州际差异。
部落女性和男性的高血压患病率分别为12%和16.2%。所有自变量都纳入了多变量模型，因为在双变量分析中所有自变量在p<0.25时都具有显著性。在部落女性和男性中，年龄增长和有风险的腰臀比患高血压的似然比更高。在女性中，城市居住、较低的教育水平、财富状况和饮酒被发现是高血压的显著预测因素。在男性中，无烟烟草的使用与高血压密切相关。
我们的研究强调在部落人口中，老年人、无烟烟草使用者和腹部肥胖风险人群中高血压患病率较高。男性和女性的高血压患病率存在州际差异。这些发现有助于确定高血压预防和控制应优先考虑的风险因素和地理位置，并有助于制定针对印度部落人口的健康行动计划。需要采用适当的干预方法来提高高血压意识和控制措施，特别是针对部落人群。
