Vuotto Claudia, Donelli Gianfranco
Microbial Biofilm Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy,
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2015;830:97-112. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-11038-7_6.
Anaerobic bacteria can cause an infection when they encounter a permissive environment within the host. These opportunistic pathogens are seldom recovered as single isolates but more frequently are involved in polymicrobial infections, together with other anaerobes or aerobes. Nowadays it's known that some anaerobic bacteria are also able to grow as biofilm even if this feature and its role in the healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are still poorly characterized. As consequence, the involvement of biofilm-forming anaerobic bacteria in infections related to healthcare procedures, including surgery and medical devices implantation, is underestimated.The current knowledge on the role of biofilm-growing anaerobes in HAIs has been here reviewed, with particular reference to respiratory, intestinal, intra-abdominal, wound, and urogenital tract infections. Even if the data are still scarce, the ability to form biofilm of opportunistic anaerobic species and their possible role as causative agents of HAIs should alert even more clinicians and microbiologists on the need to search for anaerobes in clinical samples when their presence can be reasonably assumed.
当厌氧细菌在宿主体内遇到适宜环境时，就可能引发感染。这些机会性病原体很少以单一分离株的形式被发现，而是更频繁地与其他厌氧菌或需氧菌一起参与混合感染。如今已知一些厌氧细菌也能够形成生物膜，即便这一特性及其在医疗保健相关感染（HAIs）中的作用仍未得到充分描述。因此，形成生物膜的厌氧细菌在包括手术和医疗器械植入在内的与医疗程序相关的感染中的作用被低估了。本文综述了目前关于生长生物膜的厌氧菌在医疗保健相关感染中的作用的知识，特别提及了呼吸道、肠道、腹腔内、伤口和泌尿生殖道感染。即使数据仍然稀少，但机会性厌氧菌种形成生物膜的能力及其作为医疗保健相关感染病原体的可能作用，应更提醒临床医生和微生物学家，当合理推测临床样本中存在厌氧菌时，有必要对其进行检测。
