Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2015;233:71-128. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-10479-9_3.
Street dust represents a source of dual potential risk to stormwater and air quality. It has been well documented that street dust washes into local watersheds and can degrade water quality. Research has also demonstrated that ambient particulate matter (PM10) , which is associated with adverse health outcomes, can arise from resuspension of accumulated street dust. Furthermore, many contaminants, including metals, are present at higher concentrations in the smallest available particles, which are more likely to be resuspended in air and stormwater runoff. Although street cleaning is listed as a best management practice for storm water quality by the EPA, data are limited on the critical parameters (technology, environment, usage), which determine the effectiveness of any street cleaning program, particularly in the peer-reviewed literature. The purpose of the present study was to develop a comprehensive understanding of the efficacy of various street cleaning technologies and practices to protect both water quality and public health. Few studies have compared the effectiveness of street sweeping technologies to remove street dust. Unfortunately, the dearth of comprehensive data on exposure, contaminant concentrations, and efficacy of various sweeping technologies and strategies precludes developing quantitative estimates for potential risk to humans and the environment. Based on the few studies available, regenerative air street sweepers appear to provide the most benefit with regard to collection of small particles and prevention of re-entrainment. It is also clear from the available data that local conditions, climate, and specific needs are critical determinants of the ideal street sweeping strategy (technology, frequency, speed, targeted areas, etc.). Given the critical need for protection of water and air quality in rapidly expanding urban regions (e.g., megacities), further research is necessary to develop best practices for street dust management. Herein, we provide a framework for future experimental studies to support risk-based assessments of street cleaning technologies.
街道灰尘代表了雨水和空气质量的双重潜在风险源。已有充分的文献证明，街道灰尘会被冲刷到当地的集水区，从而降低水质。研究还表明，与不良健康结果相关的环境颗粒物（PM10）可能是由于积累的街道灰尘的再悬浮而产生的。此外，许多污染物，包括金属，在可用的最小颗粒中浓度更高，这些颗粒更有可能在空气中和雨水径流中重新悬浮。尽管美国环保署将街道清洁列为雨水水质的最佳管理实践，但关于决定任何街道清洁计划有效性的关键参数（技术、环境、使用）的数据有限，特别是在同行评议的文献中。本研究的目的是全面了解各种街道清洁技术和实践在保护水质和公众健康方面的功效。很少有研究比较过街道清扫技术去除街道灰尘的效果。不幸的是，由于缺乏关于暴露、污染物浓度以及各种清扫技术和策略的功效的综合数据，因此无法对人类和环境面临的潜在风险进行定量估计。基于现有的少量研究，再生空气街道清扫机似乎在收集小颗粒和防止再卷入方面提供了最大的好处。从现有数据还可以清楚地看出，当地条件、气候和具体需求是理想街道清扫策略（技术、频率、速度、目标区域等）的关键决定因素。鉴于快速扩张的城市地区（例如特大城市）对保护水和空气质量的迫切需求，需要进一步研究以制定街道灰尘管理的最佳实践。在此，我们为未来的实验研究提供了一个框架，以支持基于风险的街道清洁技术评估。
