Bank Claudia, Hietpas Ryan T, Jensen Jeffrey D, Bolon Daniel N A
School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.
Mol Biol Evol. 2015 Jan;32(1):229-38. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msu301. Epub 2014 Nov 3.
Mutations are the source of evolutionary variation. The interactions of multiple mutations can have important effects on fitness and evolutionary trajectories. We have recently described the distribution of fitness effects of all single mutations for a nine-amino-acid region of yeast Hsp90 (Hsp82) implicated in substrate binding. Here, we report and discuss the distribution of intragenic epistatic effects within this region in seven Hsp90 point mutant backgrounds of neutral to slightly deleterious effect, resulting in an analysis of more than 1,000 double mutants. We find negative epistasis between substitutions to be common, and positive epistasis to be rare--resulting in a pattern that indicates a drastic change in the distribution of fitness effects one step away from the wild type. This can be well explained by a concave relationship between phenotype and genotype (i.e., a concave shape of the local fitness landscape), suggesting mutational robustness intrinsic to the local sequence space. Structural analyses indicate that, in this region, epistatic effects are most pronounced when a solvent-inaccessible position is involved in the interaction. In contrast, all 18 observations of positive epistasis involved at least one mutation at a solvent-exposed position. By combining the analysis of evolutionary and biophysical properties of an epistatic landscape, these results contribute to a more detailed understanding of the complexity of protein evolution.
突变是进化变异的来源。多个突变的相互作用会对适应性和进化轨迹产生重要影响。我们最近描述了酵母热休克蛋白90(Hsp82)中与底物结合相关的一个九氨基酸区域所有单突变的适应性效应分布。在此,我们报告并讨论了在七个具有中性至轻微有害效应的Hsp90点突变背景下该区域内基因内上位性效应的分布情况,从而对1000多个双突变体进行了分析。我们发现替换之间的负上位性很常见,而正上位性很少见——这导致了一种模式,表明与野生型相差一步时适应性效应分布发生了剧烈变化。这可以通过表型与基因型之间的凹面关系(即局部适应性景观的凹形)得到很好的解释,这表明局部序列空间具有固有的突变稳健性。结构分析表明,在该区域,当一个溶剂不可及位置参与相互作用时,上位性效应最为明显。相比之下,所有18个正上位性观察结果都至少涉及一个溶剂暴露位置的突变。通过结合对上位性景观的进化和生物物理特性的分析。这些结果有助于更详细地理解蛋白质进化的复杂性。