Santiago Karla, Bomfim Gisele Facholi, Criado Paulo Ricardo, Almeida Sandro Rogerio
Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2014 Nov 5;9(11):e110879. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110879. eCollection 2014.
Dermatophytes are the most common agents of superficial mycoses that are caused by mold fungi. Trichophyton rubrum is the most common pathogen causing dermatophytosis. The immunology of dermatophytosis is currently poorly understood. Recently, our group investigated the interaction of T. rubrum conidia with peritoneal mouse macrophages. We found that macrophages phagocytose T. rubrum conidia resulted in a down-modulation of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and in the expression of co-stimulatory molecules. Furthermore, it induced the production of IL-10, and T. rubrum conidia differentiated into hyphae that grew and killed the macrophages after 8 hrs of culture. This work demonstrated that dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, from patients or normal individuals, avidly interact with pathogenic fungus T. rubrum. The dermatophyte has two major receptors on human monocyte-derived DC: DC-SIGN and mannose receptor. In contrast macrophage has only mannose receptor that participates in the phagocytosis or bound process. Another striking aspect of this study is that unlike macrophages that permit rapid growth of T. rubrum, human DC inhibited the growth and induces Th activation. The ability of DC from patients to interact and kill T. rubrum and to present Ags to T cells suggests that DC may play an important role in the host response to T. rubrum infection by coordinating the development of cellular immune response.
皮肤癣菌是由霉菌引起的浅表真菌病最常见的病原体。红色毛癣菌是引起皮肤癣菌病最常见的病原体。目前对皮肤癣菌病的免疫学了解甚少。最近，我们小组研究了红色毛癣菌分生孢子与小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的相互作用。我们发现巨噬细胞吞噬红色毛癣菌分生孢子会导致II类主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）抗原的下调以及共刺激分子的表达。此外，它诱导了IL-10的产生，并且红色毛癣菌分生孢子在培养8小时后分化为菌丝，这些菌丝生长并杀死了巨噬细胞。这项工作表明，来自患者或正常个体的树突状细胞（DC）和巨噬细胞与致病性真菌红色毛癣菌有强烈的相互作用。皮肤癣菌在人单核细胞衍生的DC上有两种主要受体：DC-SIGN和甘露糖受体。相比之下，巨噬细胞只有参与吞噬或结合过程的甘露糖受体。这项研究的另一个显著方面是，与允许红色毛癣菌快速生长的巨噬细胞不同，人DC抑制其生长并诱导Th激活。患者的DC与红色毛癣菌相互作用并杀死它以及将抗原呈递给T细胞的能力表明，DC可能通过协调细胞免疫反应的发展在宿主对红色毛癣菌感染的反应中发挥重要作用。
