Fu Meng-meng, Holzbaur Erika L F
Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Trends Cell Biol. 2014 Oct;24(10):564-74. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.05.002. Epub 2014 Jun 18.
Intracellular trafficking pathways, including endocytosis, autophagy, and secretion, rely on directed organelle transport driven by the opposing microtubule motor proteins kinesin and dynein. Precise spatial and temporal targeting of vesicles and organelles requires the integrated regulation of these opposing motors, which are often bound simultaneously to the same cargo. Recent progress demonstrates that organelle-associated scaffolding proteins, including Milton/TRAKs (trafficking kinesin-binding protein), JIP1, JIP3 (JNK-interacting proteins), huntingtin, and Hook1, interact with molecular motors to coordinate activity and sustain unidirectional transport. Scaffolding proteins also bind to upstream regulatory proteins, including kinases and GTPases, to modulate transport in the cell. This integration of regulatory control with motor activity allows for cargo-specific changes in the transport or targeting of organelles in response to cues from the complex cellular environment.
细胞内运输途径，包括内吞作用、自噬和分泌，依赖于由相对的微管运动蛋白驱动蛋白和动力蛋白驱动的定向细胞器运输。囊泡和细胞器精确的空间和时间靶向需要对这些相对运动蛋白进行整合调节，这些运动蛋白通常同时结合到同一货物上。最近的研究进展表明，与细胞器相关的支架蛋白，包括米尔顿/运输相关驱动蛋白结合蛋白（TRAKs）、JIP1、JIP3（JNK相互作用蛋白）、亨廷顿蛋白和Hook1，与分子运动蛋白相互作用，以协调活性并维持单向运输。支架蛋白还与上游调节蛋白结合，包括激酶和GTP酶，以调节细胞内的运输。这种调节控制与运动活性的整合允许细胞器在运输或靶向方面针对来自复杂细胞环境的线索进行货物特异性变化。
