Simental-Rodríguez Sergio Leonel, Quiñones-Pérez Carmen Zulema, Moya Daniel, Hernández-Tecles Enrique, López-Sánchez Carlos Antonio, Wehenkel Christian
Forestry and Wood Industry Institute, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico.
Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
PLoS One. 2014 Nov 6;9(11):e111623. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111623. eCollection 2014.
Species diversity and genetic diversity, the most basic elements of biodiversity, have long been treated as separate topics, although populations evolve within a community context. Recent studies on community genetics and ecology have suggested that genetic diversity is not completely independent of species diversity. The Mexican Picea chihuahuana Martínez is an endemic species listed as "Endangered" on the Red List. Forty populations of Chihuahua spruce have been identified. This species is often associated with tree species of eight genera in gallery forests. This rare Picea chihuahuana tree community covers an area no more than 300 ha and has been subject of several studies involving different topics such as ecology, genetic structure and climate change. The overall aim of these studies was to obtain a dataset for developing management tools to help decision makers implement preservation and conservation strategies. However, this unique forest tree community may also represent an excellent subject for helping us to understand the interplay between ecological and evolutionary processes in determining community structure and dynamics. The AFLP technique and species composition data were used together to test the hypothesis that species diversity is related to the adaptive genetic structure of some dominant tree species (Picea chihuahuana, Pinus strobiformis, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Populus tremuloides) of the Picea chihuahuana tree community at fourteen locations. The Hill numbers were used as a diversity measure. The results revealed a significant correlation between tree species diversity and genetic structure in Populus tremuloides. Because the relationship between the two levels of diversity was found to be positive for the putative adaptive AFLP detected, genetic and species structures of the tree community were possibly simultaneously adapted to a combination of ecological or environmental factors. The present findings indicate that interactions between genetic variants and species diversity may be crucial in shaping tree communities.
物种多样性和遗传多样性是生物多样性最基本的要素，长期以来一直被视为不同的主题，尽管种群是在群落背景中进化的。最近关于群落遗传学和生态学的研究表明，遗传多样性并非完全独立于物种多样性。墨西哥奇瓦瓦云杉（Picea chihuahuana Martínez）是一种特有物种，在红色名录中被列为“濒危”物种。已确定了40个奇瓦瓦云杉种群。该物种通常与廊道森林中8个属的树种相关联。这种珍稀的奇瓦瓦云杉树群落面积不超过300公顷，并且已经成为多项涉及不同主题（如生态学、遗传结构和气候变化）研究的对象。这些研究的总体目标是获得一个数据集，以开发管理工具，帮助决策者实施保护和保存策略。然而，这个独特的森林树群落也可能是帮助我们理解生态和进化过程在决定群落结构和动态中相互作用的绝佳对象。利用扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）技术和物种组成数据，共同检验了物种多样性与奇瓦瓦云杉树群落14个地点一些优势树种（奇瓦瓦云杉、球果松、花旗松和颤杨）的适应性遗传结构相关的假设。使用希尔数作为多样性度量。结果显示颤杨的树种多样性与遗传结构之间存在显著相关性。由于对于检测到的假定适应性AFLP，两个多样性水平之间的关系被发现是正相关的，因此树群落的遗传和物种结构可能同时适应了生态或环境因素的组合。目前的研究结果表明，遗传变异与物种多样性之间的相互作用可能在塑造树群落方面至关重要。
