巴西东北部一个高流行率首府城市麻风病的神经并发症和身体残疾情况
Neural complications and physical disabilities in leprosy in a capital of northeastern Brazil with high endemicity.
作者信息
Araujo e Araújo Ana Eugênia Ribeiro de, Aquino Dorlene Maria Cardoso de, Goulart Isabela Maria Bernardes, Pereira Silma Regina Ferreira, Figueiredo Ivan Abreu, Serra Humberto Oliveira, Fonseca Poliana Cristina de Almeida, Caldas Arlene de Jesus Mendes
机构信息
Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
出版信息
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2014 Dec;17(4):899-910. doi: 10.1590/1809-4503201400040009.
INTRODUCTION
Leprosy is an infectious disease whose etiologic agent is Mycobacterium leprae, manifested by dermatological and neurological signs and symptoms.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate neural changes and the degree of physical disability in the eyes, hands and feet before and after treatment, as well as sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients affected by leprosy.
METHOD
A longitudinal epidemiological study comprising 155 patients with leprosy, from a spontaneous demand, diagnosed between March 2010 and February 2011, and treated with multidrug therapy (MDT) between March 2010 and July 2012 in a program for leprosy eradication in São Luis (MA), Brazil.
RESULTS
Before treatment, 46.5% of patients were considered as borderline, 51.6% had some alteration in the eyes and 52.3% in the feet, and the radial nerve (18.7%) was the most affected. There was a statistically significant difference between the changes in the radial nerve at the beginning of and after treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
The analysis points to late diagnosis, as some patients have had abnormal neural and physical disabilities before treatment.
引言
麻风病是一种由麻风分枝杆菌引起的传染病，表现为皮肤和神经方面的体征和症状。
目的
调查麻风病患者治疗前后眼睛、手和脚的神经变化及身体残疾程度，以及患者的社会人口学和临床特征。
方法
一项纵向流行病学研究，纳入了155例麻风病患者，这些患者于2010年3月至2011年2月间因自发需求前来就诊，并于2010年3月至2012年7月间在巴西圣路易斯（马亚诺州）的一个麻风病消除项目中接受了多药联合治疗（MDT）。
结果
治疗前，46.5%的患者被判定为界线类，51.6%的患者眼睛有某些病变，52.3%的患者脚部有病变，其中桡神经（18.7%）受影响最为严重。治疗开始时与治疗后的桡神经变化存在统计学显著差异。
结论
分析表明存在诊断延迟的情况，因为一些患者在治疗前就已出现神经和身体残疾异常。
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