Linke Sarah E, Ussher Michael
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, CA , USA and.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2015 Jan;41(1):7-15. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2014.976708. Epub 2014 Nov 14.
Epidemiological studies reveal that individuals who report risky substance use are generally less likely to meet physical activity guidelines (with the exception of certain population segments, such as adolescents and athletes). A growing body of evidence suggests that individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) are interested in exercising and that they may derive benefits from regular exercise, in terms of both general health/fitness and SUD recovery.
The aims of this paper were to: (i) summarize the research examining the effects of exercise-based treatments for SUDs; (ii) discuss the theoretical mechanisms and practical reasons for investigating this topic; (iii) identify the outstanding relevant research questions that warrant further inquiry; and (iv) describe potential implications for practice.
The following databases were searched for peer-reviewed original and review papers on the topic of substance use and exercise: PubMed Central, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL Plus. Reference lists of these publications were subsequently searched for any missed but relevant manuscripts. Identified papers were reviewed and summarized by both authors.
The limited research conducted suggests that exercise may be an effective adjunctive treatment for SUDs. In contrast to the scarce intervention trials to date, a relative abundance of literature on the theoretical and practical reasons supporting the investigation of this topic has been published.
Definitive conclusions are difficult to draw due to diverse study protocols and low adherence to exercise programs, among other problems. Despite the currently limited and inconsistent evidence, numerous theoretical and practical reasons support exercise-based treatments for SUDs, including psychological, behavioral, neurobiological, nearly universal safety profile, and overall positive health effects.
流行病学研究表明，报告有危险物质使用行为的个体通常不太可能达到身体活动指南的要求（某些人群除外，如青少年和运动员）。越来越多的证据表明，患有物质使用障碍（SUDs）的个体对锻炼感兴趣，并且他们可能从定期锻炼中获得益处，包括总体健康/体能和物质使用障碍的康复。
本文的目的是：（i）总结研究基于锻炼的物质使用障碍治疗效果的研究；（ii）讨论研究该主题的理论机制和实际原因；（iii）确定值得进一步探究的突出相关研究问题；（iv）描述对实践的潜在影响。
在以下数据库中搜索关于物质使用和锻炼主题的同行评审的原创和综述论文：PubMed Central、MEDLINE、EMBASE、PsycINFO和CINAHL Plus。随后搜索这些出版物的参考文献列表，以查找任何遗漏但相关的手稿。两位作者对识别出的论文进行了评审和总结。
已开展的有限研究表明，锻炼可能是物质使用障碍的一种有效辅助治疗方法。与迄今为止稀少的干预试验形成对比的是，已经发表了相对丰富的关于支持该主题研究的理论和实际原因的文献。
由于研究方案多样以及对锻炼计划的依从性低等问题，难以得出明确的结论。尽管目前的证据有限且不一致，但众多理论和实际原因支持基于锻炼的物质使用障碍治疗方法，包括心理、行为、神经生物学、几乎普遍的安全性以及总体积极的健康影响。
