Piai Vitória, Roelofs Ardi, Roete Ingeborg
a Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour , Centre for Cognition , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2015;68(9):1758-68. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2014.985689. Epub 2014 Dec 16.
Previous dual-task studies examining the locus of semantic interference of distractor words in picture naming have obtained diverging results. In these studies, participants manually responded to tones and named pictures while ignoring distractor words (picture-word interference, PWI) with varying stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between tone and PWI stimulus. Whereas some studies observed no semantic interference at short SOAs, other studies observed effects of similar magnitude at short and long SOAs. The absence of semantic interference in some studies may perhaps be due to better reading skill of participants in these than in the other studies. According to such a reading-ability account, participants' reading skill should be predictive of the magnitude of their interference effect at short SOAs. To test this account, we conducted a dual-task study with tone discrimination and PWI tasks and measured participants' reading ability. The semantic interference effect was of similar magnitude at both short and long SOAs. Participants' reading ability was predictive of their naming speed but not of their semantic interference effect, contrary to the reading ability account. We conclude that the magnitude of semantic interference in picture naming during dual-task performance does not depend on reading skill.
以往关于图片命名中干扰词语义干扰位置的双任务研究得出了不同的结果。在这些研究中，参与者在忽略干扰词（图片-词干扰，PWI）的同时，手动对音调做出反应并命名图片，音调与PWI刺激之间的刺激起始异步（SOA）各不相同。虽然一些研究在短SOA时未观察到语义干扰，但其他研究在短SOA和长SOA时均观察到了相似程度的效应。一些研究中未出现语义干扰，可能是因为这些研究中的参与者阅读技能比其他研究中的参与者更好。根据这种阅读能力的解释，参与者的阅读技能应该能够预测他们在短SOA时干扰效应的大小。为了验证这一解释，我们进行了一项包含音调辨别和PWI任务的双任务研究，并测量了参与者的阅读能力。在短SOA和长SOA时，语义干扰效应的大小相似。与阅读能力的解释相反，参与者的阅读能力能够预测他们的命名速度，但不能预测他们的语义干扰效应。我们得出结论，双任务执行过程中图片命名的语义干扰大小并不取决于阅读技能。
