Tanaka Hiroaki, Ikegami Tomoko
a Graduate School of Literature and Human Sciences , Osaka City University , Osaka , Japan.
Cogn Emot. 2015;29(7):1306-13. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2014.977848. Epub 2014 Nov 14.
Previous studies demonstrated that fear of negative evaluation (FNE) moderates responses to exclusion in late-stage social outcomes (e.g., social judgements and behaviours). People with low levels of FNE show affiliative responses, feeling compelled to recover their sense of belonging, whereas people with high levels of FNE do not. This study examined whether FNE also moderates responses to exclusion in early-stage interpersonal perception, manifested in selective attention. The experiment using a dot-probe task revealed that exclusion led participants with low levels of FNE to increase attention to signs of social acceptance (i.e., smiling faces). It also revealed that exclusion led those with high levels of FNE to pay more attention to signs of social threat (i.e., angry faces) relative to those of social acceptance. Thus, exclusion makes the motivation to protect oneself from social threats dominant over the motivation to reestablish social bonds among those who fear negative evaluation.
先前的研究表明，对负面评价的恐惧（FNE）会调节后期社会结果（如社会判断和行为）中对被排斥的反应。FNE水平低的人会表现出亲和反应，感到有必要恢复他们的归属感，而FNE水平高的人则不会。本研究考察了FNE是否也会调节早期人际感知中对被排斥的反应，这种反应表现为选择性注意。使用点探测任务的实验表明，被排斥会导致FNE水平低的参与者增加对社会接纳信号（即笑脸）的关注。实验还表明，与社会接纳信号相比，被排斥会使FNE水平高的人更加关注社会威胁信号（即愤怒的脸）。因此，对于那些害怕负面评价的人来说，被排斥会使保护自己免受社会威胁的动机比重建社会联系的动机更占主导地位。
