Kotova Natalia, Frostne Cecilia, Abramsson-Zetterberg Lilianne, Tareke Eden, Bergman Rolf, Haghdoost Siamak, Paulsson Birgit, Törnqvist Margareta, Segerbäck Dan, Jenssen Dag, Grawé Jan
Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Science, The Swedish National Food Agency, Box 622, 751 26, Uppsala, Sweden.
Eur J Nutr. 2015 Oct;54(7):1181-90. doi: 10.1007/s00394-014-0796-7. Epub 2014 Nov 16.
Nutrients and food constituents can prevent or contribute to genotoxicity. In this study, the possible influence of a vegetarian/non-vegetarian diet on genotoxic effects was investigated in 58 non-smoking healthy vegetarians (V) and non-vegetarians (NV), age 21-37 years from the Stockholm area in Sweden.
Physical activity and dietary habits were similar in both groups, with the exception of the intake of meat and fish. Using flow cytometry, we determined the formation of micronuclei (MN) in transferrin-positive immature peripheral blood reticulocytes (Trf-Ret) (Total: n = 53; V: n = 27; NV: n = 26). Dietary exposure to acrylamide was measured through hemoglobin (Hb) adducts in peripheral erythrocytes (Total: n = 53; V: n = 29; NV: n = 24). Hb adducts of both acrylamide and its genotoxic metabolite glycidamide were monitored as a measure of the corresponding in vivo doses.
Our data demonstrated that compared with the non-vegetarians, the vegetarians exhibited lower frequencies of MN (fMN) in the Trf-Ret (p < 0.01, Student's t test). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that there was no association between the fMN and factors such as age, sex, intake of vitamins/minerals, serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels, physical activity, and body mass index. The mean Hb adduct levels of acrylamide and glycidamide showed no significant differences between vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Furthermore, there were no significant relationships between the adduct levels and fMN in the individuals. The ratio of the Hb adduct levels from glycidamide and acrylamide, however, showed a significant difference (p < 0.04) between the two groups.
These data suggest that the vegetarian diet might be beneficial in lowering genomic instability in healthy individuals. The measured Hb adduct levels indicate that the total intake of acrylamide does not differ between the two studied groups and does not contribute to the observed difference in fMN, although an influence of the diet on the metabolic rates of acrylamide was indicated. In addition, the observed significant difference in the background fMN in the two groups demonstrated that the MN analysis method has a sensitivity applicable to the biomonitoring of human lifestyle factors.
营养物质和食物成分可预防或导致基因毒性。在本研究中，对瑞典斯德哥尔摩地区58名年龄在21 - 37岁的不吸烟健康素食者（V）和非素食者（NV），研究了素食/非素食饮食对基因毒性效应的可能影响。
两组的身体活动和饮食习惯相似，但肉类和鱼类的摄入量除外。使用流式细胞术，我们测定了转铁蛋白阳性未成熟外周血网织红细胞（Trf - Ret）中微核（MN）的形成（总计：n = 53；V：n = 27；NV：n = 26）。通过外周红细胞中的血红蛋白（Hb）加合物来测量饮食中丙烯酰胺的暴露量（总计：n = 53；V：n = 29；NV：n = 24）。监测丙烯酰胺及其基因毒性代谢产物环氧丙酰胺的Hb加合物，作为相应体内剂量的指标。
我们的数据表明，与非素食者相比，素食者Trf - Ret中的微核频率（fMN）较低（p < 0.01，Student's t检验）。多变量分析表明，fMN与年龄、性别、维生素/矿物质摄入量、血清叶酸和维生素B12水平、身体活动及体重指数等因素之间无关联。素食者和非素食者之间丙烯酰胺和环氧丙酰胺的平均Hb加合物水平无显著差异。此外，个体中加合物水平与fMN之间无显著关系。然而，环氧丙酰胺和丙烯酰胺的Hb加合物水平之比在两组之间显示出显著差异（p < 0.04）。
这些数据表明，素食饮食可能有利于降低健康个体的基因组不稳定性。所测量的Hb加合物水平表明，尽管饮食对丙烯酰胺的代谢率有影响，但两个研究组之间丙烯酰胺的总摄入量没有差异，且这与观察到的fMN差异无关。此外，两组背景fMN中观察到的显著差异表明，MN分析方法具有适用于人类生活方式因素生物监测的灵敏度。
