Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Feb;118(2):278-83. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901021.
The lifelong exposure of the population to acrylamide has raised concerns about the possible health effects of the chemical. Data on the extent of exposure to acrylamide and its primary metabolite, glycidamide, are needed to aid in the assessment of potential health effects.
The aim of this study was to assess human exposure to acrylamide and glycidamide in the general U.S. population through the measurement of hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and glycidamide (HbGA).
HbAA and HbGA were measured in 7,166 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Stratified HbAA and HbGA data were reported by sex, age groups, race/ethnicity (Mexican American, non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white), and smoking status based on serum cotinine levels. Covariate-adjusted geometric means for each demographic group were calculated using multiple regression analysis.
HbAA and HbGA levels ranged from 3 to 910 and from 4 to 756 pmol/g hemoglobin, respectively, with smokers having the highest levels overall. Tobacco smoke exposure in nonsmokers had a small but significant effect on HbAA and HbGA levels. Adjusted geometric mean levels for children 311 years of age were higher than for adults >or= 60 years of age [mean (95% confidence interval): HbAA, 54.5 (49.1-51.5) and HbGA, 73.9 (71.3-76.6) vs. HbAA, 46.2 (44.3-48.2) and HbGA, 41.8 (38.7-45.2)]. Levels were highest in Mexican Americans [HbAA: 54.8 (51.9-57.8), HbGA: 57.9 (53.7-62.5)], whereas non-Hispanic blacks had the lowest HbGA levels [43.5 (41.1-45.9)].
U.S. population levels of acrylamide and glycidamide adducts are described. The high variability among individuals but modest differences between population subgroups suggest that sex, age, and race/ethnicity do not strongly affect acrylamide exposure. Adduct concentration data can be used to estimate relative exposure and to validate intake estimates.
丙烯酰胺在人群中的终身暴露引发了人们对这种化学物质可能产生的健康影响的关注。需要有关丙烯酰胺及其主要代谢物丙烯醛的暴露程度的数据，以帮助评估潜在的健康影响。
本研究旨在通过测量血红蛋白加合物丙烯酰胺（HbAA）和丙烯醛（HbGA）来评估美国普通人群的丙烯酰胺和丙烯醛暴露情况。
在全国健康和营养检查调查中，对 7166 名受试者进行了 HbAA 和 HbGA 测量。根据血清可替宁水平，按性别、年龄组、种族/民族（墨西哥裔美国人、非西班牙裔黑人、非西班牙裔白人）和吸烟状况对分层的 HbAA 和 HbGA 数据进行了报告。使用多元回归分析计算了每个人口统计学组别的协变量调整后的几何均数。
HbAA 和 HbGA 水平范围分别为 3 至 910 和 4 至 756 pmol/g 血红蛋白，总体而言，吸烟者的水平最高。非吸烟者的烟草烟雾暴露对 HbAA 和 HbGA 水平有轻微但显著的影响。311 岁儿童的调整后几何均数水平高于 60 岁及以上成人[平均（95%置信区间）：HbAA，54.5（49.1-51.5）和 HbGA，73.9（71.3-76.6）与 HbAA，46.2（44.3-48.2）和 HbGA，41.8（38.7-45.2）]。墨西哥裔美国人的水平最高[HbAA：54.8（51.9-57.8），HbGA：57.9（53.7-62.5）]，而非西班牙裔黑人的 HbGA 水平最低[43.5（41.1-45.9）]。
描述了美国人群中丙烯酰胺和丙烯醛加合物的水平。个体之间的高度变异性，但人群亚组之间的差异较小，这表明性别、年龄和种族/民族不会强烈影响丙烯酰胺的暴露。加合物浓度数据可用于估计相对暴露量并验证摄入量估计值。
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