Klempe Sven Hroar
Department of Psychology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway,
Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2015 Mar;49(1):44-52. doi: 10.1007/s12124-014-9286-y.
One of the big questions in psychology is when and how psychology disentangled from philosophy. Usually it is referred to the laboratory Wundt established in Leipzig in 1879 as the birth for psychology as an independent science. However this separation process can also be traced in other ways, like by focusing on how the two sciences approach and understand thinking. Although thinking and language were not included in the research in this laboratory, Wundt (1897) regarded thinking as the core of psychology. As a commentary to Papanicolaou (Integr Psychol Behav Sci doi:10.1007/s12124-014-9273-3, 2014), this paper investigates the differences in how psychology and philosophy conceptualized thinking in early Western modernity. Thus one of the findings is that the separation process between the two was more or less initiated by Immanuel Kant. By defining thinking in terms of the pure reason he excluded the psychological understanding of thinking because psychology basically defined thinking in terms of ideas derived from qualia and sensation. Another finding is that psychology itself has not completely realized the differences between the philosophical and the psychological understanding of thinking by having been influenced by Kant's ideal of the pure reason. This may also explain some of the crises psychology went through during the twentieth century.
心理学中的一个重大问题是心理学何时以及如何从哲学中分离出来。通常人们认为1879年冯特在莱比锡建立的实验室是心理学作为一门独立科学的诞生标志。然而，这个分离过程也可以从其他方面追溯，比如关注这两门科学研究和理解思维的方式。尽管思维和语言并不在这个实验室的研究范围内，但冯特（1897）将思维视为心理学的核心。作为对帕帕尼科拉乌（《综合心理学与行为科学》，doi:10.1007/s12124-014-9273-3，2014）的一篇评论，本文探讨了在西方现代早期心理学和哲学在概念化思维方式上的差异。因此，研究发现之一是，这两门学科之间的分离过程或多或少是由伊曼努尔·康德发起的。通过将思维定义为纯粹理性，他排除了对思维的心理学理解，因为心理学基本上是根据源自感觉性质和感觉的观念来定义思维的。另一个发现是，由于受到康德纯粹理性理想的影响，心理学本身尚未完全认识到对思维的哲学理解和心理学理解之间的差异。这也可能解释了心理学在20世纪所经历的一些危机。
