Sakai Masao, Deguchi Daigo, Hosoda Akifumi, Kawauchi Tomohiro, Ikenaga Makoto
Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2015 Feb;65(Pt 2):570-577. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.067843-0. Epub 2014 Nov 17.
A thermophilic, agar-degrading bacterium, strain FAB2(T), was isolated from sewage sludge compost. According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain FAB2(T) belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae within the phylum Firmicutes. However, FAB2(T) was different enough at the genus level from closely related species. The percentages of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with related organisms were 90.4 % for Thermobacillus xylanilyticus, 91.8 % for Paenibacillus barengoltzii, 89.4 % for Cohnella lupini, 90.1 % for Fontibacillus aquaticus, and 89.0 % for Saccharibacillus sacchari. Morphological and physiological analyses revealed that the strain was motile, rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and able to form oval endospores in swollen sporangia. Ammonium was required as a nitrogen source while nitrate, nitrite, urea and glutamate were not utilized. Catalase and oxidase activities were weakly positive and positive, respectively. The bacterium grew in the temperature range of 50-65 °C and in media with pH 7.5 to 9.0. Optimal growth occurred at 60 °C and pH 8.0-8.6. Growth was inhibited at pH≤7.0 and NaCl concentrations ≥2.5 % (w/v). In chemotaxonomic characterization, MK-7 was identified as the dominant menaquinone. Major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. Dominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Phosphatidylcholine was present in a moderate amount. The diamino acid in the cell wall was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.5 mol% in a nucleic acid study. On the basis of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain FAB2(T) ( = NBRC 109510(T) = KCTC 33130(T)) showed characteristics suitable for classification as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus in the family Paenibacillaceae, for which the name Ammoniibacillus agariperforans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.
从污水污泥堆肥中分离出一株嗜热、能降解琼脂的细菌FAB2(T)。基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析表明，菌株FAB2(T)属于厚壁菌门芽孢杆菌科。然而，FAB2(T)在属水平上与亲缘关系较近的物种有足够的差异。与相关生物的16S rRNA基因序列相似性百分比分别为：嗜热木聚糖芽孢杆菌90.4%、巴伦戈尔茨芽孢杆菌91.8%、羽扇豆科恩氏菌89.4%、水生丰芽孢杆菌90.1%、蔗糖芽孢杆菌89.0%。形态学和生理学分析表明，该菌株具有运动性，杆状，革兰氏染色阳性，好氧，能在膨大的孢子囊中形成椭圆形芽孢。需要铵作为氮源，而不利用硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、尿素和谷氨酸。过氧化氢酶和氧化酶活性分别为弱阳性和阳性。该细菌在50-65℃的温度范围内以及pH值为7.5至9.0的培养基中生长。最适生长温度为60℃，pH值为8.0-8.6。在pH≤7.0和NaCl浓度≥2.5%（w/v）时生长受到抑制。在化学分类特征分析中，MK-7被鉴定为主要的甲基萘醌。主要脂肪酸为异-C16 : 0和C16 : 0。主要极性脂为二磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰甘油和磷脂酰乙醇胺。磷脂酰胆碱含量适中。细胞壁中的二氨基酸为内消旋二氨基庚二酸。核酸研究表明，基因组DNA的G+C含量为49.5 mol%。基于遗传和表型特征，菌株FAB2(T)（= NBRC 109510(T)= KCTC 33130(T)）表现出适合分类为芽孢杆菌科一个新属的新物种的模式菌株的特征，为此提出新属名嗜氨芽孢杆菌属（Ammoniibacillus），新种名琼脂穿孔嗜氨芽孢杆菌（Ammoniibacillus agariperforans）。
