Cathomas G, Bienz K
Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie der Universität Basel.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1989 Jan 21;119(3):75-80.
Conventional cell culture often requires several weeks for the detection of cytomegalovirus and is therefore an inappropriate technique for the rapid diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infections. Serology is not useful in the immunocompromised patient. We describe our experience with a rapid method for the detection of cytomegalovirus in known positive materials and in clinical specimens from immunocompromised patients. For this procedure the specimens were centrifuged onto cell monolayers. One day after infection early protein was detected by immunofluorescence, and in duplicate cultures viral DNA was detected by in situ hybridization after 5 days. Cytomegalovirus was found most often in urine and bronchoalveolar lavage, but less frequently (and to a lesser extent) in blood and saliva. No virus was found in stool and CSF. Cytomegalovirus was diagnosed only in 51.4% by the detection of early protein, whereas in situ hybridization detected cytomegalovirus in 93.1% of the specimens. For the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus we recommend the shell vial cell culture technique, followed by the detection of early proteins after 24 hours and in situ hybridization after 5 days.
传统的细胞培养通常需要数周时间才能检测到巨细胞病毒，因此对于巨细胞病毒感染的快速诊断而言是一种不合适的技术。血清学检测对免疫功能低下的患者没有帮助。我们描述了一种在已知阳性样本以及免疫功能低下患者的临床标本中快速检测巨细胞病毒的方法的经验。在此过程中，将标本离心接种到细胞单层上。感染一天后通过免疫荧光检测早期蛋白，在重复培养中，5天后通过原位杂交检测病毒DNA。巨细胞病毒最常出现在尿液和支气管肺泡灌洗液中，但在血液和唾液中出现的频率较低（且程度较轻）。在粪便和脑脊液中未发现病毒。通过检测早期蛋白仅51.4%的标本诊断出巨细胞病毒，而原位杂交在93.1%的标本中检测到巨细胞病毒。对于巨细胞病毒的诊断，我们推荐采用空斑小室细胞培养技术，随后在24小时后检测早期蛋白，5天后进行原位杂交。
