Boesch C, Boesch H
Department of Ethology and Wildlife Research, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1989 Apr;78(4):547-73. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330780410.
Hunting is often considered one of the major behaviors that shaped early hominids' evolution, along with the shift toward a drier and more open habitat. We suggest that a precise comparison of the hunting behavior of a species closely related to man might help us understand which aspects of hunting could be affected by environmental conditions. The hunting behavior of wild chimpanzees is discussed, and new observations on a population living in the tropical rain forest of the Taï National Park, Ivory Coast, are presented. Some of the forest chimpanzees' hunting performances are similar to those of savanna-woodlands populations; others are different. Forest chimpanzees have a more specialized prey image, intentionally search for more adult prey, and hunt in larger groups and with a more elaborate cooperative level than savanna-woodlands chimpanzees. In addition, forest chimpanzees tend to share meat more actively and more frequently. These findings are related to some theories on aspects of hunting behavior in early hominids and discussed in order to understand some factors influencing the hunting behavior of wild chimpanzees. Finally, the hunting behavior of primates is compared with that of social carnivores.
狩猎通常被认为是塑造早期原始人类进化的主要行为之一，与向更干燥、更开阔栖息地的转变一样。我们认为，对与人类密切相关的一个物种的狩猎行为进行精确比较，可能有助于我们理解狩猎的哪些方面会受到环境条件的影响。本文讨论了野生黑猩猩的狩猎行为，并展示了对生活在科特迪瓦塔伊国家公园热带雨林中的一个种群的新观察结果。一些森林黑猩猩的狩猎表现与稀树草原林地种群相似；另一些则不同。与稀树草原林地黑猩猩相比，森林黑猩猩有更专门的猎物形象，会故意寻找更多成年猎物，以更大的群体狩猎且合作水平更精细。此外，森林黑猩猩往往更积极、更频繁地分享肉类。这些发现与关于早期原始人类狩猎行为方面的一些理论相关，并进行了讨论，以便理解影响野生黑猩猩狩猎行为的一些因素。最后，将灵长类动物的狩猎行为与群居食肉动物的进行了比较。
