School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Ms Zhang and Dr. Liu); Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taiwan, China (Dr Lee); and School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Ms Kurtz).
J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2021;35(4):E69-E82. doi: 10.1097/JPN.0000000000000065.
This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of various early interventions on maternal emotional outcomes, mother-infant interaction, and subsequent infant outcomes during neonatal intensive care unit admission and postdischarge. Key interventions associated with outcomes in both the neonatal intensive care unit and postdischarge (ie, home) settings are summarized. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials involving early interventions for infants and their mother published between 1993 and 2013 in the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and Cochrane was undertaken. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale to evaluate internal and external validity of the study. Twelve randomized controlled trials were included in the review, and all used some form of parenting education. The interventions had limited effects on maternal stress and mother-infant interaction and positive effects on maternal anxiety, depressive symptoms, and maternal coping. There were positive effects on infants' short-term outcomes for length of stay and breast-feeding rate. Positive and clinically meaningful effects of early interventions were seen in some physiological/psychological outcomes of mothers and preterm infants. It is important for nurses to foster close mother-infant contact and increase maternal competence during and after the infant's hospitalization period.
本系统评价评估了各种早期干预措施对产妇情绪结果、母婴互动以及新生儿重症监护病房住院期间和出院后婴儿后续结果的疗效。总结了与新生儿重症监护病房和出院后（即家庭）环境中相关结果相关的主要干预措施。对 1993 年至 2013 年间在电子数据库 PubMed、CINAHL、EMBASE、PsychINFO 和 Cochrane 中发表的针对婴儿及其母亲的早期干预措施的同行评审随机对照试验进行了全面检索。使用 PEDro 量表评估研究的内部和外部有效性来评估方法学质量。本综述纳入了 12 项随机对照试验，所有试验均采用某种形式的育儿教育。这些干预措施对产妇压力和母婴互动的影响有限，但对产妇焦虑、抑郁症状和产妇应对方式的影响积极。对婴儿的短期结果（住院时间和母乳喂养率）有积极影响。早期干预对母亲和早产儿的一些生理/心理结果产生了积极且具有临床意义的影响。护士在婴儿住院期间和住院后促进母婴密切接触和提高产妇能力非常重要。
