Röhrich Wolfgang G, Hardiess Gregor, Mallot Hanspeter A
Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
PLoS One. 2014 Nov 19;9(11):e112793. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112793. eCollection 2014.
Space perception provides egocentric, oriented views of the environment from which working and long-term memories are constructed. "Allocentric" (i.e. position-independent) long-term memories may be organized as graphs of recognized places or views but the interaction of such cognitive graphs with egocentric working memories is unclear. Here we present a simple coherent model of view-based working and long-term memories, together with supporting evidence from behavioral experiments. The model predicts (i) that within a given place, memories for some views may be more salient than others, (ii) that imagery of a target square should depend on the location where the recall takes place, and (iii) that recall favors views of the target square that would be obtained when approaching it from the current recall location. In two separate experiments in an outdoor urban environment, pedestrians were approached at various interview locations and asked to draw sketch maps of one of two well-known squares. Orientations of the sketch map productions depended significantly on distance and direction of the interview location from the target square, i.e. different views were recalled at different locations. Further analysis showed that location-dependent recall is related to the respective approach direction when imagining a walk from the interview location to the target square. The results are consistent with a view-based model of spatial long-term and working memories and their interplay.
空间感知提供了以自我为中心的、定向的环境视图，据此构建工作记忆和长期记忆。“非自我中心的”（即与位置无关的）长期记忆可能被组织成已识别地点或视图的图表，但这种认知图表与以自我为中心的工作记忆之间的相互作用尚不清楚。在此，我们提出了一个基于视图的工作记忆和长期记忆的简单连贯模型，并给出了行为实验的支持证据。该模型预测：（i）在给定地点内，某些视图的记忆可能比其他视图更显著；（ii）目标正方形的意象应取决于回忆发生的位置；（iii）回忆更倾向于从当前回忆位置接近目标正方形时所获得的目标正方形视图。在户外城市环境中进行的两项独立实验中，在不同的访谈地点接近行人，并要求他们绘制两个著名广场之一的草图。草图绘制的方向显著取决于访谈地点与目标广场的距离和方向，即在不同位置回忆起不同的视图。进一步分析表明，当想象从访谈地点走到目标广场时，与位置相关的回忆与各自的接近方向有关。这些结果与基于视图的空间长期记忆和工作记忆及其相互作用的模型一致。
