Majeed Shoaib, Frentzel Stefan, Wagner Sandra, Kuehn Diana, Leroy Patrice, Guy Philippe A, Knorr Arno, Hoeng Julia, Peitsch Manuel C
Philip Morris Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Eurofins Umwelt West GmbH, Vorgebirgsstraße 20, D-50389 Wesseling, Germany.
Chem Cent J. 2014 Nov 12;8(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s13065-014-0062-3. eCollection 2014.
Only a few exposure systems are presently available that enable cigarette smoke exposure of living cells at the air-liquid interface, of which one of the most versatile is the Vitrocell® system (Vitrocell® Systems GmbH). To assess its performance and optimize the exposure conditions, we characterized a Vitrocell® 24/48 system connected to a 30-port carousel smoking machine. The Vitrocell® 24/48 system allows for simultaneous exposure of 48 cell culture inserts using dilution airflow rates of 0-3.0 L/min and exposes six inserts per dilution. These flow rates represent cigarette smoke concentrations of 7-100%.
By characterizing the exposure inside the Vitrocell® 24/48, we verified that (I) the cigarette smoke aerosol distribution is uniform across all inserts, (II) the utility of Vitrocell® crystal quartz microbalances for determining the online deposition of particle mass on the inserts, and (III) the amount of particles deposited per surface area and the amounts of trapped carbonyls and nicotine were concentration dependent. At a fixed dilution airflow of 0.5 L/min, the results showed a coefficient of variation of 12.2% between inserts of the Vitrocell® 24/48 module, excluding variations caused by different runs. Although nicotine and carbonyl concentrations were linear over the tested dilution range, particle mass deposition increased nonlinearly. The observed effect on cell viability was well-correlated with increasing concentration of cigarette smoke.
Overall, the obtained results highlight the suitability of the Vitrocell® 24/48 system to assess the effect of cigarette smoke on cells under air-liquid interface exposure conditions, which is closely related to the conditions occurring in human airways.
目前仅有少数几种暴露系统能够在气液界面使活细胞暴露于香烟烟雾中，其中功能最为多样的一种是Vitrocell®系统（Vitrocell® Systems GmbH公司）。为了评估其性能并优化暴露条件，我们对连接到30端口转盘式吸烟机的Vitrocell® 24/48系统进行了特性分析。Vitrocell® 24/48系统允许使用0 - 3.0 L/min的稀释气流速率同时对48个细胞培养插入物进行暴露，每次稀释暴露6个插入物。这些流速代表7% - 100%的香烟烟雾浓度。
通过对Vitrocell® 24/48内部的暴露情况进行特性分析，我们证实了：（I）香烟烟雾气溶胶在所有插入物中的分布是均匀的；（II）Vitrocell®晶体石英微量天平可用于确定颗粒物质在插入物上的在线沉积；（III）每单位表面积沉积的颗粒数量以及捕获的羰基化合物和尼古丁的量与浓度相关。在固定稀释气流为0.5 L/min时，结果显示Vitrocell® 24/48模块各插入物之间的变异系数为12.2%，不包括不同运行引起的变异。尽管尼古丁和羰基化合物浓度在测试的稀释范围内呈线性关系，但颗粒物质沉积呈非线性增加。观察到的对细胞活力的影响与香烟烟雾浓度增加密切相关。
总体而言，所获得的结果突出了Vitrocell® 24/48系统在评估气液界面暴露条件下香烟烟雾对细胞影响方面的适用性，这与人类气道中发生的情况密切相关。
