Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada London, ON, Canada ; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada.
Front Plant Sci. 2014 Nov 12;5:638. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00638. eCollection 2014.
Plant pathogens display impressive versatility in adapting to host immune systems. Pathogen effector proteins facilitate disease but can become avirulence (Avr) factors when the host acquires discrete recognition capabilities that trigger immunity. The mechanisms that lead to changes to pathogen Avr factors that enable escape from host immunity are diverse, and include epigenetic switches that allow for reuse or recycling of effectors. This perspective outlines possibilities of how epigenetic control of Avr effector gene expression may have arisen and persisted in filamentous plant pathogens, and how it presents special problems for diagnosis and detection of specific pathogen strains or pathotypes.
植物病原体在适应宿主免疫系统方面表现出令人印象深刻的多功能性。病原体效应蛋白有助于疾病的发生，但当宿主获得能够触发免疫的离散识别能力时，它们可能成为无毒（Avr）因子。导致病原体 Avr 因子发生变化从而逃避宿主免疫的机制多种多样，包括允许效应物重新使用或回收的表观遗传开关。本观点概述了 Avr 效应基因表达的表观遗传控制是如何在丝状植物病原体中出现并持续存在的，以及它如何给特定病原体菌株或病原型的诊断和检测带来特殊问题。
