Campos-Ordonez Tania, Zarate-Lopez David, Galvez-Contreras Alma Y, Moy-Lopez Norma, Guzman-Muniz Jorge, Gonzalez-Perez Oscar
Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Facultad de Psicologia, DES Ciencias de la Salud, University of Colima, Av. Universidad 333, 28040, Colima, Col, Mexico.
Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2015 May;35(4):503-12. doi: 10.1007/s10571-014-0146-6. Epub 2014 Nov 30.
Cyclohexane is a volatile substance that has been utilized as a safe substitute of several organic solvents in diverse industrial processes, such as adhesives, paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, and rubber industry. A number of these commercial products are ordinarily used as inhaled drugs. However, it is not well known whether cyclohexane has noxious effects in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of cyclohexane inhalation on motor behavior, spatial memory, and reactive gliosis in the hippocampus of adult mice. We used a model that mimics recreational drug use in male Balb/C mice (P60), divided into two groups: controls and the cyclohexane group (exposed to 9,000 ppm of cyclohexane for 30 days). Both groups were then evaluated with a functional observational battery (FOB) and the Morris water maze (MWM). Furthermore, the relative expression of AP endonuclease 1 (APE1), and the number of astrocytes (GFAP+ cells) and microglia (Iba1+ cells) were quantified in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas. Our findings indicated that cyclohexane produced severe functional deficits during a recreational exposure as assessed by the FOB. The MWM did not show statistically significant changes in the acquisition and retention of spatial memory. Remarkably, a significant increase in the number of astrocytes and microglia cells, as well as in the cytoplasmic processes of these cells were observed in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas of cyclohexane-exposed mice. This cellular response was associated with an increase in the expression of APE1 in the same brain regions. In summary, cyclohexane exposure produces functional deficits that are associated with an important increase in the APE1 expression as well as the number of astrocytes and microglia cells and their cytoplasmic complexity in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the adult hippocampus.
环己烷是一种挥发性物质，在多种工业过程中被用作几种有机溶剂的安全替代品，如粘合剂、油漆、油漆稀释剂、指甲油、漆和橡胶工业。这些商业产品中有许多通常被用作吸入性药物。然而，环己烷在中枢神经系统中是否具有有害作用尚不清楚。本研究的目的是分析吸入环己烷对成年小鼠海马体运动行为、空间记忆和反应性胶质细胞增生的影响。我们使用了一种模拟雄性Balb/C小鼠（P60）娱乐性药物使用的模型，分为两组：对照组和环己烷组（暴露于9000 ppm环己烷30天）。然后，两组均通过功能观察组合（FOB）和莫里斯水迷宫（MWM）进行评估。此外，还对海马CA1和CA3区域中AP核酸内切酶1（APE1）的相对表达、星形胶质细胞（GFAP+细胞）和小胶质细胞（Iba1+细胞）的数量进行了定量。我们的研究结果表明，通过FOB评估，环己烷在娱乐性暴露期间产生了严重的功能缺陷。MWM在空间记忆的获取和保持方面未显示出统计学上的显著变化。值得注意的是，在暴露于环己烷的小鼠的海马CA1和CA3区域中，观察到星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的数量以及这些细胞的细胞质突起显著增加。这种细胞反应与同一脑区中APE1表达的增加有关。总之，环己烷暴露会产生功能缺陷，这与成年海马体CA1和CA3区域中APE1表达的重要增加以及星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的数量及其细胞质复杂性增加有关。
