Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2015 Apr;11(2):205-18. doi: 10.1007/s12015-014-9577-1.
Tissue engineering of Schwann cells (SCs) can serve a number of purposes, such as in vitro SC-related disease modeling, treatment of peripheral nerve diseases or peripheral nerve injury, and, potentially, treatment of CNS diseases. SCs can be generated from autologous stem cells in vitro by recapitulating the various stages of in vivo neural crest formation and SC differentiation. In this review, we survey the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these in vivo processes. We then focus on the current in vitro strategies for generating SCs from two sources of pluripotent stem cells, namely embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Different methods for SC engineering from ESCs and iPSCs are reviewed and suggestions are proposed for optimizing the existing protocols. Potential safety issues regarding the clinical application of iPSC-derived SCs are discussed as well. Lastly, we will address future aspects of SC engineering.
雪旺细胞（SCs）的组织工程可以用于多种目的，例如体外 SC 相关疾病建模、治疗周围神经疾病或周围神经损伤，以及潜在地治疗中枢神经系统疾病。SCs 可以通过在体外再现体内神经嵴形成和 SC 分化的各个阶段，从自体干细胞中产生。在这篇综述中，我们调查了这些体内过程的细胞和分子机制。然后，我们专注于当前从两种多能干细胞，即胚胎干细胞（ESCs）和诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs）产生 SC 的体外策略。我们回顾了来自 ESCs 和 iPSCs 的 SC 工程的不同方法，并提出了优化现有方案的建议。还讨论了关于 iPSC 衍生的 SC 临床应用的潜在安全问题。最后，我们将讨论 SC 工程的未来方面。
