植物和传统药物对博茨瓦纳、南非和乌干达急性中毒事件差异与相似性的影响。
Contribution of plants and traditional medicines to the disparities and similarities in acute poisoning incidents in Botswana, South Africa and Uganda.
作者信息
Malangu N
机构信息
School of Public Health, Medunsa Campus, University of Limpopo, Pretoria, South Africa.
出版信息
Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2014 Jan 28;11(2):425-38. doi: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i2.29. eCollection 2014.
BACKGROUND
Acute poisoning incidents are one of the leading causes of morbidity and hospitalization in several countries. The purpose of this analysis was to compare the patterns of acute poisoning in three countries namely, Botswana, South Africa and Uganda; and examine the similarities and disparities in the patterns of occurrence of acute poisoning based on the sociodemographic factors of the victims, the toxic agents involved, the circumstances surrounding the incidents and their outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This paper is based on the re-analysis of data that were collected from January to June 2005 by some Master of Public Health students using a similar data collection tool. A single dataset made of the original individual datasheets was constituted and analysed.
RESULTS
Overall, it was found that the mean age of victims of acute poisoning was 20.9 ± 14.5 years; the youngest victim was a 3 months old boy from South Africa; and the oldest was a 75 years old man from Uganda. In descending order, the most common toxic agents involved in poisoning incidents were household products (46.1%), agrochemicals (18.8%), pharmaceuticals (14.0%), animal and insect bites (13.0%), food poisoning (4.5%), as well as plants and traditional medicines (3.6%). Across the three countries, acute poisoning occurred mainly by accident, but the contextual factors of each country led to a pattern of acute poisoning that showed some similarities with regard to the distribution of deliberate self-poisoning among females, teenagers, and young adult victims. There were disparities related to the differential access to toxic agents, based on the age and gender of the victims. Of the 17 deaths reported, 2 (11.7%) were due to traditional medicines; household products were implicated in fatal outcomes in all three countries, though the extent of their involvement varied from country to country.
CONCLUSION
Although plant and traditional medicines caused fewer cases of acute poisoning incidents, they contributed considerably to fatal outcomes.
背景
急性中毒事件是多个国家发病和住院的主要原因之一。本分析的目的是比较博茨瓦纳、南非和乌干达这三个国家的急性中毒模式；并根据受害者的社会人口学因素、所涉及的有毒物质、事件发生的环境及其后果，研究急性中毒发生模式的异同。
材料与方法
本文基于对2005年1月至6月由一些公共卫生硕士学生使用类似数据收集工具收集的数据进行的重新分析。由原始个体数据表组成的单个数据集被构建并进行分析。
结果
总体而言，发现急性中毒受害者的平均年龄为20.9±14.5岁；最年轻的受害者是一名来自南非的3个月大男孩；最年长的是一名来自乌干达的75岁男子。按降序排列，中毒事件中最常见的有毒物质是家用产品（46.1%）、农用化学品（18.8%）、药品（14.0%）、动物和昆虫叮咬（13.0%）、食物中毒（4.5%）以及植物和传统药物（3.6%）。在这三个国家中，急性中毒主要是意外发生的，但每个国家的背景因素导致了一种急性中毒模式，在女性、青少年和年轻成年受害者中故意自我中毒的分布方面表现出一些相似之处。基于受害者的年龄和性别，在获取有毒物质方面存在差异。在报告的17例死亡中，2例（11.7%）死于传统药物；家用产品在所有三个国家的致命后果中都有牵连，尽管其涉及程度因国家而异。
结论
虽然植物和传统药物导致的急性中毒事件较少，但它们对致命后果的贡献相当大。
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