Leonard J L, Edstrom J, Lukowiak K
Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego.
Behav Neurosci. 1989 Jun;103(3):585-604. doi: 10.1037//0735-7044.103.3.585.
The gill withdrawal reflex (GWR), an important model system for neural mechanisms of learning, varies in form and amplitude within as well as between preparations and is therefore a heterogeneous collection of action patterns, not a reflex. At least 4 action patterns occur in response to mechanical stimulation of the siphon. It is often impossible to categorize a particular movement unambiguously. All may occur spontaneously. Gill movements may be described as combinations of 10 actions; 4 involving vein movements are described here. All actions and action patterns can occur in preparations lacking the central nervous system. Some vein movements may generate considerable force without markedly altering gill area. It is suggested that this explains why some early studies failed to identify the important role of the peripheral nervous system in the GWR. Studies based on the assumption that the GWR involves a single type of movement controlled by cells of the parietovisceral ganglion require reevaluation.
鳃收缩反射（GWR）是学习神经机制的重要模型系统，在不同标本内以及不同标本间，其形式和幅度都有所不同，因此它是一组异质性的动作模式，而非一种反射。响应虹吸管的机械刺激时，至少会出现4种动作模式。通常无法明确地将特定运动归类。所有这些运动都可能自发出现。鳃的运动可描述为10种动作的组合；这里描述了4种涉及鳃叶运动的动作。所有动作和动作模式都可能在缺乏中枢神经系统的标本中出现。一些鳃叶运动可能产生相当大的力量，而不会显著改变鳃的面积。有人认为，这就解释了为什么一些早期研究未能识别出外周神经系统在鳃收缩反射中的重要作用。基于鳃收缩反射涉及由壁脏神经节细胞控制的单一类型运动这一假设的研究需要重新评估。
