Ni Jianqiang, Qiao Caixia, Han Xue, Han Tao, Kang Wenhua, Zi Zhanchao, Cao Zhen, Zhai Xinyan, Cai Xuepeng
China Animal Disease Control Center Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Tianguidastreet 17, Beijing, 102600, the People's Republic of China.
Beijing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No.6 Tianshuiyuan Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, the People's Republic of China.
Virol J. 2014 Dec 2;11:203. doi: 10.1186/s12985-014-0203-2.
Parvoviruses are classified into two subfamilies based on their host range: the Parvovirinae, which infect vertebrates, and the Densovirinae, which mainly infect insects and other arthropods. In recent years, a number of novel parvoviruses belonging to the subfamily Parvovirinae have been identified from various animal species and humans, including human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), porcine hokovirus, ovine partetravirus, porcine parvovirus 4 (PPV4), and porcine parvovirus 5 (PPV5).
Using sequence-independent single primer amplification (SISPA), a novel parvovirus within the subfamily Parvovirinae that was distinct from any known parvoviruses was identified and five full-length genome sequences were determined and analyzed.
A novel porcine parvovirus, provisionally named PPV6, was initially identified from aborted pig fetuses in China. Retrospective studies revealed the prevalence of PPV6 in aborted pig fetuses and piglets(50% and 75%, respectively) was apparently higher than that in finishing pigs and sows (15.6% and 3.8% respectively). Furthermore, the prevalence of PPV6 in finishing pig was similar in affected and unaffected farms (i.e. 16.7% vs. 13.6%-21.7%). This finding indicates that animal age, perhaps due to increased innate immune resistance, strongly influences the level of PPV6 viremia. Complete genome sequencing and multiple alignments have shown that the nearly full-length genome sequences were approximately 6,100 nucleotides in length and shared 20.5%-42.6% DNA sequence identity with other members of the Parvovirinae subfamily. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PPV6 was significantly distinct from other known parvoviruses and was most closely related to PPV4.
Our findings and review of published parvovirus sequences suggested that a novel porcine parvovirus is currently circulating in China and might be classified into the novel genus Copiparvovirus within the subfamily Parvovirinae. However, the clinical manifestations of PPV6 are still unknown in that the prevalence of PPV6 was similar between healthy pigs and sick pigs in a retrospective epidemiological study. The identification of PPV6 within the subfamily Parvovirinae provides further insight into the viral and genetic diversity of parvoviruses.
细小病毒根据其宿主范围分为两个亚科：感染脊椎动物的细小病毒亚科（Parvovirinae），以及主要感染昆虫和其他节肢动物的浓核病毒亚科（Densovirinae）。近年来，已从各种动物物种和人类中鉴定出一些属于细小病毒亚科的新型细小病毒，包括人类细小病毒4（PARV4）、猪霍科病毒、绵羊帕尔特病毒、猪细小病毒4（PPV4）和猪细小病毒5（PPV5）。
使用序列独立单引物扩增（SISPA）技术，鉴定出一种与任何已知细小病毒不同的细小病毒亚科新型细小病毒，并测定和分析了五个全长基因组序列。
一种新型猪细小病毒，暂命名为PPV6，最初在中国的流产猪胎儿中被鉴定出来。回顾性研究表明，PPV6在流产猪胎儿和仔猪中的流行率（分别为50%和75%）明显高于育肥猪和母猪（分别为15.6%和3.8%）。此外，在受影响和未受影响的农场中，育肥猪中PPV6的流行率相似（即16.7%对13.6%-21.7%）。这一发现表明，动物年龄可能由于先天免疫抵抗力的增强，对PPV6病毒血症水平有强烈影响。完整基因组测序和多重比对表明，近全长基因组序列长度约为6100个核苷酸，与细小病毒亚科的其他成员共享20.5%-42.6%的DNA序列同一性。系统发育分析表明，PPV6与其他已知细小病毒明显不同，与PPV4关系最为密切。
我们的研究结果以及对已发表的细小病毒序列的综述表明，一种新型猪细小病毒目前正在中国传播，可能被归类为细小病毒亚科内的新型科皮细小病毒属。然而，在一项回顾性流行病学研究中，健康猪和病猪中PPV6的流行率相似，因此PPV6的临床表现仍然未知。在细小病毒亚科内鉴定出PPV6，为进一步了解细小病毒的病毒和遗传多样性提供了线索。
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