Antiplatelet aggregation triterpene saponins from the barks of Ilex rotunda.

Four new triterpene saponins, rotundinosides A-D (1-4) and seven known triterpene saponins (5-11) were isolated from a methanol extract of the barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb. The new saponins were characterized as 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosy1-(1→2)-β-d-xylopyranosyl siaresinolic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosy1-(1→2)-β-d-xylopyranosyl]-3β,19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic-O-β-d-glucopranosy1ester (2), 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosy1-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl]-3β,19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic-O-β-d-glucopyranosy1 ester (3), and 3-O-α-l-rhamanopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosy1-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl ilexgenin B 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosy1 ester (4), respectively. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HSQC, HMBC, (1)H-(1)H COSY, NOESY and acid hydrolysis, and also by the comparison of their spectroscopic data with those of related compounds. The known compounds 5-11 were all obtained from this species for the first time. The biological activity of compounds 1-11 against ADP induced platelet aggregation in rabbit plasma was determined. Among the tested compounds 1, 3, 5 and 10 exhibited strong inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro, with IC50 values of 11.4±2.2, 10.4±1.3, 13.2±2.4, and 15.1±3.4μM, respectively.