Derksen Frans, Bensing Jozien, Kuiper Sascha, van Meerendonk Milou, Lagro-Janssen Antoine
Department of Primary and Community Care, Gender & Women's Health, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and
NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research) and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Fam Pract. 2015 Feb;32(1):94-100. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmu080. Epub 2014 Nov 30.
Research has highlighted empathy as an important and effective factor in patient-physician communication. GPs have extensive practical experience with empathy. However, little is known about the personal views of GPs regarding the meaning and application of empathy in daily practice.
To explore GP's experiences and the application of empathy in daily practice and to investigate the practical use of empathy. Facts such as preconditions, barriers and facilitating possibilities are described.
Qualitative interview study; 30 in-depth interviews were performed between June 2012 and January 2013 with a heterogeneous sample of Dutch GPs. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim; content analysis was performed with the help of ATLAS-ti.
Empathy was seen as an important quality-increasing element during the patient-GP consultation. The application of non-verbal and verbal techniques was described. Attention to cues and references to previous consults were reported separately. Required preconditions were: being physically and mentally fit, feeling no time pressure and having an efficient practice organization. Not feeling connected to the patient and strict medical guidelines and protocols were identified as obstacles. A key consideration was the positive contribution of empathy to job satisfaction.
The opinions of GPs in this research can be considered as supplementing and strengthening the findings of previous researches. The GPs in this study discussed, in particular, ideas important to the facilitation of empathy. These included: longer consultations, smaller practices, efficient telephonic triage by practice assistants, using intervision to help reflect on their work and drawing financiers' attention to the effectiveness of empathy.
研究强调共情是医患沟通中一个重要且有效的因素。全科医生在共情方面有丰富的实践经验。然而，对于全科医生在日常实践中对共情的意义和应用的个人观点却知之甚少。
探讨全科医生在日常实践中的共情体验及应用，并调查共情的实际用途。描述诸如前提条件、障碍和促进可能性等事实。
定性访谈研究；2012年6月至2013年1月期间，对荷兰全科医生的异质样本进行了30次深入访谈。访谈进行了录音并逐字转录；借助ATLAS-ti进行内容分析。
在患者与全科医生的咨询过程中，共情被视为一个重要的提升质量的因素。描述了非语言和语言技巧的应用。分别报告了对线索的关注和对先前咨询的提及。所需的前提条件是：身心健康、没有时间压力且有高效的执业机构。与患者缺乏联系以及严格的医学指南和规程被确定为障碍。一个关键的考虑因素是共情对工作满意度的积极贡献。
本研究中全科医生的观点可被视为对先前研究结果的补充和强化。本研究中的全科医生特别讨论了对促进共情很重要的想法。这些想法包括：更长时间的咨询、规模更小的执业机构、执业助理进行高效的电话分诊、利用同行监督来帮助反思工作以及引起资助者对共情有效性的关注。
