van Dijk Gabriella M, Kavousi Maryam, Troup Jenna, Franco Oscar H
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Maturitas. 2015 Jan;80(1):24-30. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.09.013. Epub 2014 Oct 5.
Multiple health issues affect women throughout the life course differently from men, or do not affect men at all. Although attention to women's health is important in all stages in life, health among middle-aged and elderly women has not received sufficient attention by scientists and policy-makers. Related to the menopausal transition and the experiences accumulated until that age, many diseases occur or further develop in middle-aged and elderly women. To improve women's quality of life and guarantee a long-lasting and active role for middle-aged and elderly women in society, prevention of chronic diseases and disability is a key aspect. In this manuscript we give an overview of the major health issues for peri- and post-menopausal women, we summarize risk factors and interventions to improve menopausal health. Based on the available scientific literature and the global burden of disease endeavor, we have selected and herein describe the following top 11 key health issues, selected in terms of burden exerted in women's mortality, morbidity, disability and quality of life: cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, cancer, cognitive decline and dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, depression, vasomotor symptoms, sleep disturbances and migraine.
多种健康问题在女性的一生中对其影响与男性不同，或者根本不会影响男性。尽管关注女性健康在生命的各个阶段都很重要，但中老年女性的健康尚未得到科学家和政策制定者的充分关注。与绝经过渡以及到那个年龄积累的经历相关，许多疾病在中老年女性中发生或进一步发展。为了提高女性的生活质量，并确保中老年女性在社会中发挥持久而积极的作用，预防慢性病和残疾是一个关键方面。在本手稿中，我们概述了围绝经期和绝经后女性的主要健康问题，总结了改善绝经健康的风险因素和干预措施。基于现有的科学文献和全球疾病负担研究，我们选择并在此描述以下11个关键健康问题，这些问题是根据对女性死亡率、发病率、残疾率和生活质量造成的负担来挑选的：心血管疾病、肌肉骨骼疾病、癌症、认知衰退和痴呆、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、糖尿病、代谢综合征、抑郁症、血管舒缩症状、睡眠障碍和偏头痛。
