Ballentine Mark, Tobias Craig, Vlahos Penny, Smith Richard, Cooper Christopher
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennocossett Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA,
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2015 May;68(4):718-28. doi: 10.1007/s00244-014-0104-9. Epub 2014 Dec 2.
The bioconcentration factor (BCF) was measured for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in seven different marine species of varying trophic levels. Time series and concentration gradient treatments were used for water column and tissue concentrations of TNT, RDX, and their environmentally important derivatives 2-amino-4,6-dintrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT). BCF values ranged from 0.0031 to 484.5 mL g(-1) for TNT and 0.023 to 54.83 mL g(-1) for RDX. The use of log K ow value as an indicator was evaluated by adding marine data from this study to previously published data. For the munitions in this study, log K ow value was a good indicator in the marine environment. The initial uptake and elimination rates of TNT and RDX for Fucus vesiculosus were 1.79 and 0.24 h(-1) for TNT and 0.50 and 0.0035 h(-1) for RDX respectively. Biotransformation was observed in all biota for both TNT and RDX. Biotransformation of TNT favored 4-ADNT over 2-ADNT at ratios of 2:1 for F. vesiculosus and 3:1 for Mytilus edulis. Although RDX derivatives were measureable, the ratios of RDX derivatives were variable with no detectable trend. Previous approaches for measuring BCF in freshwater systems compare favorably with these experiments with marine biota, yet significant gaps on the ultimate fate of munitions within the biota exist that may be overcome with the use stable isotope-labeled munitions substrates.
在七种不同营养级的海洋物种中测量了2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）和六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三嗪（RDX）的生物富集因子（BCF）。采用时间序列和浓度梯度处理来研究TNT、RDX及其具有重要环境意义的衍生物2-氨基-4,6-二硝基甲苯（2-ADNT）和4-氨基-2,6-二硝基甲苯（4-ADNT）在水柱和组织中的浓度。TNT的BCF值范围为0.0031至484.5 mL g⁻¹，RDX的BCF值范围为0.023至54.83 mL g⁻¹。通过将本研究中的海洋数据与先前发表的数据相结合，评估了使用log K ow值作为指标的情况。对于本研究中的弹药，log K ow值在海洋环境中是一个很好的指标。墨角藻对TNT和RDX的初始摄取和消除速率分别为TNT的1.79和0.24 h⁻¹以及RDX的0.50和0.0035 h⁻¹。在所有生物群中均观察到TNT和RDX的生物转化。对于墨角藻，TNT的生物转化产生4-ADNT的比例高于2-ADNT，比例为2:1；对于紫贻贝，比例为3:1。虽然RDX衍生物是可测量的，但RDX衍生物的比例变化不定，没有可检测到的趋势。先前在淡水系统中测量BCF的方法与这些海洋生物群实验相比具有优势，但生物群中弹药的最终归宿仍存在显著差距，这可能通过使用稳定同位素标记的弹药底物来克服。
