London Sleep Centre-Neuropsychiatry, London, United Kingdom.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013 Apr;37(4):539-49. doi: 10.1111/acer.12006. Epub 2013 Jan 24.
This review provides a qualitative assessment of all known scientific studies on the impact of alcohol ingestion on nocturnal sleep in healthy volunteers. At all dosages, alcohol causes a reduction in sleep onset latency, a more consolidated first half sleep and an increase in sleep disruption in the second half of sleep. The effects on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the first half of sleep appear to be dose related with low and moderate doses showing no clear trend on REM sleep in the first half of the night whereas at high doses, REM sleep reduction in the first part of sleep is significant. Total night REM sleep percentage is decreased in the majority of studies at moderate and high doses with no clear trend apparent at low doses. The onset of the first REM sleep period is significantly delayed at all doses and appears to be the most recognizable effect of alcohol on REM sleep followed by the reduction in total night REM sleep. The majority of studies, across dose, age and gender, confirm an increase in slow wave sleep (SWS) in the first half of the night relative to baseline values. The impact of alcohol on SWS in the first half of night appears to be more robust than the effect on REM sleep and does not appear to be an epiphenomenon REM sleep reduction. Total night SWS is increased at high alcohol doses across gender and age groups.
这篇综述对所有关于健康志愿者饮酒对夜间睡眠影响的已知科学研究进行了定性评估。在所有剂量下，酒精都会导致入睡潜伏期缩短、睡眠前半段更巩固、后半段睡眠中断增加。酒精对睡眠初期快速眼动（REM）睡眠的影响似乎与剂量有关，低剂量和中剂量对夜间前半段的 REM 睡眠没有明显趋势，而高剂量则显著减少 REM 睡眠。在大多数研究中，中高剂量的 REM 睡眠时间百分比下降，低剂量时则没有明显趋势。在所有剂量下，第一 REM 睡眠期的起始都明显延迟，这似乎是酒精对 REM 睡眠最明显的影响，其次是 REM 睡眠时间的减少。大多数研究证实，在跨剂量、年龄和性别范围内，夜间前半段的慢波睡眠（SWS）增加，与基线值相比。酒精对夜间前半段 SWS 的影响似乎比 REM 睡眠更稳定，而且似乎不是 REM 睡眠减少的附带现象。在高酒精剂量下，无论性别和年龄组，夜间总 SWS 都会增加。
