Harris Eliza, Zeyer Kerstin, Kegel Rainer, Müller Beat, Emmenegger Lukas, Mohn Joachim
Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Waste Manag. 2015 Jan;35:135-40. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.10.016. Epub 2014 Nov 4.
Solid waste incineration accounts for a growing proportion of waste disposal in both developed and developing countries, therefore it is important to constrain emissions of greenhouse gases from these facilities. At five Swiss waste incineration facilities with grate firing, emission factors for N2O and CH4 were determined based on measurements of representative flue gas samples, which were collected in Tedlar bags over a one year period (September 2010-August 2011) and analysed with FTIR spectroscopy. All five plants burn a mixture of household and industrial waste, and two of the plants employ NOx removal through selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) while three plants use selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx removal. N2O emissions from incineration plants with NOx removal through selective catalytic reduction were 4.3 ± 4.0g N2O tonne(-1) waste (wet) (hereafter abbreviated as t(-1)) (0.4 ± 0.4 g N2O GJ(-1)), ten times lower than from plants with selective non-catalytic reduction (51.5 ± 10.6g N2O t(-1); 4.5 ± 0.9g N2O GJ(-1)). These emission factors, which are much lower than the value of 120g N2O t(-1) (10.4g N2O GJ(-1)) used in the 2013 Swiss national greenhouse gas emission inventory, have been implemented in the most recent Swiss emission inventory. In addition, the isotopic composition of N2O emitted from the two plants with SNCR, which had considerable N2O emissions, was measured using quantum cascade laser spectroscopy. The isotopic site preference of N2O - the enrichment of (14)N(15)NO relative to (15)N(14)NO - was found to be 17.6 ± 0.8‰, with no significant difference between the two plants. Comparison to previous studies suggests SP of 17-19‰ may be characteristic for N2O produced from SNCR. Methane emissions were found to be insignificant, with a maximum emission factor of 2.5 ± 5.6g CH4 t(-1) (0.2 ± 0.5g CH4 GJ(-1)), which is expected due to high incinerator temperatures and efficient combustion.
在发达国家和发展中国家，固体废物焚烧在废物处理中所占比例日益增加，因此限制这些设施的温室气体排放至关重要。在瑞士五家采用炉排燃烧的废物焚烧设施中，基于对代表性烟气样本的测量确定了N₂O和CH₄的排放因子，这些样本在Tedlar袋中收集了一年时间（2010年9月至2011年8月），并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱法进行分析。所有五家工厂都燃烧家庭和工业废物的混合物，其中两家工厂通过选择性非催化还原（SNCR）去除NOₓ，而三家工厂使用选择性催化还原（SCR）去除NOₓ。通过选择性催化还原去除NOₓ的焚烧厂的N₂O排放量为4.3±4.0克N₂O吨⁻¹废物（湿）（以下简称为t⁻¹）（0.4±0.4克N₂O吉焦⁻¹），比采用选择性非催化还原的工厂低十倍（51.5±10.6克N₂O t⁻¹；4.5±0.9克N₂O吉焦⁻¹）。这些排放因子远低于2013年瑞士国家温室气体排放清单中使用的120克N₂O t⁻¹（10.4克N₂O吉焦⁻¹）的值，已被纳入最新的瑞士排放清单。此外，使用量子级联激光光谱法测量了两家采用SNCR且N₂O排放量可观的工厂排放的N₂O的同位素组成。发现N₂O的同位素位置偏好——¹⁴N¹⁵NO相对于¹⁵N¹⁴NO的富集——为17.6±0.8‰，两家工厂之间无显著差异。与先前研究的比较表明，17 - 19‰的位置偏好可能是SNCR产生的N₂O的特征。发现甲烷排放量微不足道，最大排放因子为2.5±5.6克CH₄ t⁻¹（0.2±0.5克CH₄吉焦⁻¹），鉴于焚烧炉温度高且燃烧效率高，这是预期的。
