美国城市中主动通勤与环境关联的生态分析
An ecological analysis of environmental correlates of active commuting in urban U.S.
作者信息
Fan Jessie X, Wen Ming, Kowaleski-Jones Lori
机构信息
Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, 225 S 1400 E AEB 228, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0080, United States.
Department of Sociology, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E Rm 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0250, United States.
出版信息
Health Place. 2014 Nov;30:242-50. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.09.014. Epub 2014 Oct 24.
We conduct a cross-sectional ecological analysis to examine environmental correlates of active commuting in 39,660 urban tracts using data from the 2010 Census, 2007-2011 American Community Survey, and other sources. The five-year average (2007-2011) prevalence is 3.05% for walking, 0.63% for biking, and 7.28% for public transportation to work, with higher prevalence for all modes in lower-income tracts. Environmental factors account for more variances in public transportation to work but economic and demographic factors account for more variances in walking and biking to work. Population density, median housing age, street connectivity, tree canopy, distance to parks, air quality, and county sprawl index are associated with active commuting, but the association can vary in size and direction for different transportation mode and for higher-income and lower-income tracts.
我们进行了一项横断面生态分析，利用2010年人口普查、2007 - 2011年美国社区调查及其他来源的数据，研究39660个城市区域中主动通勤的环境相关因素。步行的五年平均（2007 - 2011年）患病率为3.05%，骑自行车为0.63%，乘坐公共交通上班为7.28%，低收入区域所有出行方式的患病率更高。环境因素在乘坐公共交通上班方面解释了更多的变异，但经济和人口因素在步行和骑自行车上班方面解释了更多的变异。人口密度、住房中位年龄、街道连通性、树冠覆盖率、到公园的距离、空气质量以及县蔓延指数与主动通勤相关，但对于不同的交通方式以及高收入和低收入区域，这种关联在大小和方向上可能会有所不同。
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