Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
Virology. 2014 Dec;471-473:93-104. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.10.003. Epub 2014 Oct 28.
Live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines may provide cross-protection against contemporary influenza A virus (IAV) in swine. Conversely, whole inactivated virus (WIV) vaccines have the potential risk of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD) when challenged with IAV of substantial antigenic drift. A temperature sensitive, intranasal H1N2 LAIV was compared to wild type exposure (WT) and an intramuscular WIV vaccine in a model shown to induce VAERD. WIV vaccinated swine challenged with pandemic A/H1N1 (H1N1pdm09) were not protected from infection and demonstrated severe respiratory disease consistent with VAERD. Lung lesions were mild and challenge virus was not detected in the respiratory tract of LAIV vaccinates. High levels of post-vaccination IgG serum antibodies targeting the H1N1pdm09 HA2 stalk domain were exclusively detected in the WIV group and associated with increased H1N1pdm09 virus infectivity in MDCK cells. In contrast, infection-enhancing antibodies were not detected in the serum of LAIV vaccinates and VAERD was not observed.
减毒活流感病毒 (LAIV) 疫苗可能为猪提供针对当代甲型流感病毒 (IAV) 的交叉保护。相反，全灭活病毒 (WIV) 疫苗在受到具有大量抗原漂移的 IAV 挑战时，有疫苗相关增强呼吸道疾病 (VAERD) 的潜在风险。在已证明可诱导 VAERD 的模型中，比较了一种温度敏感的鼻内 H1N2 LAIV 与野生型暴露 (WT) 和肌肉内 WIV 疫苗。用大流行性 A/H1N1 (H1N1pdm09) 对接受 WIV 疫苗接种的猪进行攻毒，并未免受感染，表现出与 VAERD 一致的严重呼吸道疾病。肺损伤轻微，呼吸道中未检测到 LAIV 疫苗接种的呼吸道病毒。高水平的针对 H1N1pdm09 HA2 茎域的 H1N1pdm09 血凝素的接种后 IgG 血清抗体仅在 WIV 组中检测到，并且与 MDCK 细胞中 H1N1pdm09 病毒感染力增加有关。相比之下，在 LAIV 疫苗接种者的血清中未检测到感染增强抗体，也未观察到 VAERD。
