Infection Control Programme, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
Infection Control Programme, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Feb;15(2):212-24. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70854-0. Epub 2014 Nov 11.
Despite control efforts, the burden of health-care-associated infections in Europe is high and leads to around 37,000 deaths each year. We did a systematic review to identify crucial elements for the organisation of effective infection-prevention programmes in hospitals and key components for implementation of monitoring. 92 studies published from 1996 to 2012 were assessed and ten key components identified: organisation of infection control at the hospital level; bed occupancy, staffing, workload, and employment of pool or agency nurses; availability of and ease of access to materials and equipment and optimum ergonomics; appropriate use of guidelines; education and training; auditing; surveillance and feedback; multimodal and multidisciplinary prevention programmes that include behavioural change; engagement of champions; and positive organisational culture. These components comprise manageable and widely applicable ways to reduce health-care-associated infections and improve patients' safety.
尽管采取了控制措施，但欧洲的医疗保健相关感染负担仍然很高，每年导致约 37000 人死亡。我们进行了系统评价，以确定在医院组织有效感染预防计划的关键要素以及实施监测的关键组成部分。评估了 1996 年至 2012 年期间发表的 92 项研究，并确定了十个关键组成部分：医院层面的感染控制组织；床位占用、人员配备、工作量和使用轮班或代理护士；材料和设备的可用性、易用性以及最佳人体工程学；指南的正确使用；教育和培训；审核；监测和反馈；包括行为改变的多模式和多学科预防计划；拥护者的参与；以及积极的组织文化。这些组成部分包含了可管理且广泛适用的方法，可以减少医疗保健相关感染并提高患者的安全性。
