Ramírez-Campillo Rodrigo, Burgos Carlos H, Henríquez-Olguín Carlos, Andrade David C, Martínez Cristian, Álvarez Cristian, Castro-Sepúlveda Mauricio, Marques Mário C, Izquierdo Mikel
1Department of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile; 2Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, MEDS Clinic, Santiago, Chile; 3Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; 4Health Promotion Program, Family Health Center of Los Lagos, Los Lagos, Chile; 5Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Finis Terrae University, Santiago, Chile; 6Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal; 7Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; 8Faculty of Cultura Física, Department of Recreation, Santo Tomas University, Bogotá D.C, Colombia; and 9Public University of Navarra, Department of Health Sciences, Pamplona, Spain.
J Strength Cond Res. 2015 May;29(5):1317-28. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000762.
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of bilateral, unilateral, or combined bilateral and unilateral plyometric training (PT) on muscle power output, endurance, and balance performance adaptations in young soccer players. Four groups of young soccer players (age 11.4 ± 2.2 years) were divided into control group (CG; n = 14), bilateral group (BG; n = 12), unilateral group (UG; n = 16), and bilateral + unilateral group (B + UG; n = 12). Players were measured in unilateral and bilateral countermovement jump with arms, 5 multiple bounds test, 20-cm drop jump reactive strength index, maximal kicking velocity, sprint and agility test time, endurance, and balance performance. The PT was applied during 6 weeks, 2 sessions per week, for a total of 2,160 jumps. After intervention, all PT groups showed a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) change in all performance measures, with no statistically significant differences between treatments. Among the 21 performance measures, the B + UG showed a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher performance change in 13 of them vs. the CG, whereas the UG and BG showed only 6 and 3, respectively. The current study showed that bilateral, unilateral, and combined bilateral and unilateral PT ensured significant improvement in several muscular power and endurance performance measures in young soccer players. However, the combination of unilateral and bilateral drills seems more advantageous to induce superior performance improvements.
本研究的目的是比较双侧、单侧或双侧与单侧相结合的增强式训练(PT)对年轻足球运动员肌肉力量输出、耐力和平衡能力适应性的影响。四组年轻足球运动员(年龄11.4±2.2岁)被分为对照组(CG;n = 14)、双侧训练组(BG;n = 12)、单侧训练组(UG;n = 16)和双侧+单侧训练组(B + UG;n = 12)。对运动员进行了单臂和双臂反向纵跳、5次多级跳测试、20厘米下落跳反应力量指数、最大踢球速度、短跑和敏捷性测试时间、耐力以及平衡能力的测量。PT为期6周,每周2次训练,总共进行2160次跳跃。干预后,所有PT组在所有性能指标上均显示出统计学显著变化(p≤0.05),各治疗组之间无统计学显著差异。在21项性能指标中,B + UG组与CG组相比,有13项指标的性能变化显著更高(p≤0.05),而UG组和BG组分别只有6项和3项。当前研究表明,双侧、单侧以及双侧与单侧相结合的PT可确保年轻足球运动员在多项肌肉力量和耐力性能指标上有显著改善。然而,单侧和双侧训练相结合似乎更有利于带来更优的性能提升。