Silver Jerry, Schwab Martin E, Popovich Phillip G
Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44140.
Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014 Dec 4;7(3):a020602. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a020602.
Animal studies are now showing the exciting potential to achieve significant functional recovery following central nervous system (CNS) injury by manipulating both the inefficient intracellular growth machinery in neurons, as well as the extracellular barriers, which further limit their regenerative potential. In this review, we have focused on the three major glial cell types: oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia/macrophages, in addition to some of their precursors, which form major extrinsic barriers to regrowth in the injured CNS. Although axotomized neurons in the CNS have, at best, a limited capacity to regenerate or sprout, there is accumulating evidence that even in the adult and, especially after boosting their growth motor, neurons possess the capacity for considerable circuit reorganization and even lengthy regeneration when these glial obstacles to neuronal regrowth are modified, eliminated, or overcome.
动物研究如今显示出通过操控神经元内低效的细胞内生长机制以及进一步限制其再生潜力的细胞外屏障，在中枢神经系统（CNS）损伤后实现显著功能恢复的令人兴奋的潜力。在本综述中，我们重点关注了三种主要的神经胶质细胞类型：少突胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞，以及它们的一些前体细胞，这些细胞构成了受损中枢神经系统中再生的主要外在屏障。尽管中枢神经系统中被切断轴突的神经元再生或出芽的能力充其量有限，但越来越多的证据表明，即使在成年期，尤其是在增强其生长动力后，当这些阻碍神经元再生的神经胶质障碍被改变、消除或克服时，神经元具有进行相当程度的神经回路重组甚至长期再生的能力。
