Amutio Alberto, Martínez-Taboada Cristina, Hermosilla Daniel, Delgado Luis Carlos
a Faculty of Psychology, Department of Social Psychology and Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences , University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Donostia-San Sebastian , Spain.
Psychol Health Med. 2015;20(6):720-31. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2014.986143. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
Previous research on mindfulness has focused mainly on stress-related negative symptoms and short-term effects. In contrast, the present article focuses on the impact of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program on improving well-being (i.e. relaxation states and related positive emotions) in a longitudinal study for a period of one year. A randomized controlled trial in a sample of 42 physicians was used. The intervention group participated in an 8-week MBSR program, with an additional 10-month maintenance period and completed measures of mindfulness and relaxation at pre-intervention, post-intervention and after 10 months. Heart rate measures were also obtained. Significant improvements in favor of the experimental group compared with the control group on the levels of mindfulness and relaxation (including positive emotional states, such as at ease/peace, renewal, energy, optimism, happiness, acceptance, and even transcendence) were obtained after eight weeks. Remarkably, change magnitudes (effect size) significantly increased at the end of the maintenance period after a year, especially for mindfulness and positive energy. Additionally, heart rate significantly decreased for the intervention group and maintained a year after the beginning of the treatment. Results are relevant in terms of practical consequences for improving health and well-being in this population and also in terms of cost-efficiency.
以往关于正念的研究主要集中在与压力相关的负面症状和短期影响上。相比之下，本文在一项为期一年的纵向研究中，重点关注基于正念的减压（MBSR）计划对改善幸福感（即放松状态和相关积极情绪）的影响。研究采用了一项针对42名医生的随机对照试验。干预组参加了为期8周的MBSR计划，并额外进行了10个月的维持期，并在干预前、干预后和10个月后完成了正念和放松程度的测量。还获取了心率测量数据。在8周后，与对照组相比，实验组在正念和放松程度（包括积极情绪状态，如自在/平静、恢复活力、精力、乐观、幸福、接纳，甚至超越）方面有显著改善。值得注意的是，在一年后的维持期结束时，变化幅度（效应量）显著增加，尤其是在正念和积极能量方面。此外，干预组的心率显著下降，并在治疗开始后维持了一年。这些结果在改善该人群的健康和幸福感的实际效果方面以及成本效益方面都具有重要意义。
