美国大学体育协会（NCAA）一级联盟女运动员在整个赛季及多年时间内的骨矿物质含量和密度
Bone Mineral Content and Density Among Female NCAA Division I Athletes Across the Competitive Season and Over a Multi-Year Time Frame.
作者信息
Stanforth Dixie, Lu Tao, Stults-Kolehmainen Matthew A, Crim Brittany N, Stanforth Philip R
机构信息
1Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; 2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, State University of New York at Albany, Rensselaer, New York; 3Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York; and 4Department of Kinesiology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, Texas.
出版信息
J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Oct;30(10):2828-38. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000785.
Stanforth, D, Lu, T, Stults-Kolehmainen, MA, Crim, BN, and Stanforth, PR. Bone mineral content and density among female NCAA Division I athletes across the competitive season and over a multi-year time frame. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2828-2838, 2016-Longitudinal and cross-sectional bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) comparisons were made among impact and nonimpact sports. Female collegiate athletes, 18-23 years of age, from basketball (BB; n = 38), soccer (SOC; n = 47), swimming (SW; n = 52), track sprinters and jumpers (TR; n = 49), and volleyball (VB; n = 26) had BMC/BMD measures preseason and postseason over 3 years. Control groups of 85 college females, 18-24 years of age, who completed 2 tests 1-3 years apart and of 170 college females, 18-20 years of age, were used for the longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses, respectively. A restricted maximum likelihood linear mixed model regression analysis with a compound symmetric heterogeneous variance-covariance matrix structure was used for all analyses (p ≤ 0.05). Increases from year-1 preseason to year-3 postseason included the following: total BMC (3.3%), total BMD (1.4%), and spine BMD (4.5%) for BB; total BMC (1.5%) and leg BMD (1.2%) for SOC; arm (1.8%), leg (1.9%), and total BMD (5.7%) for SW; total BMC (2.0%), arm (1.7%), leg (2.3%), pelvis (3.4%), spine (6.0%), and total BMD (2.3%) for TR; and arm (4.1%), leg (2.0%), pelvis (2.0%), spine (2.0%), and total BMD (2.7%) for VB. Comparisons among sports determined that BB had higher BMC and BMD values than all other sports for all variables except spine and total BMD; BB, SOC, TR, and VB had higher total BMC (11-29%), leg BMD (13-20%), and total BMD (9-15%) than SW and CON, and there were few differences among SOC, TR, and VB. In conclusion, small, significant increases in many BMC and BMD measures occur during female athlete's collegiate careers. The BMC and BMD differences between impact and nonimpact sports are large compared with smaller differences within impact sports.
斯坦福思、D、卢、T、斯图尔茨 - 科莱迈宁、MA、克里姆、BN以及斯坦福思、PR。美国大学体育协会（NCAA）一级联赛女运动员在整个赛季及多年时间跨度内的骨矿物质含量和密度。《力量与体能研究杂志》30(10): 2828 - 2838, 2016年 - 对冲击性和非冲击性运动项目的纵向和横断面骨矿物质含量（BMC）及骨矿物质密度（BMD）进行了比较。选取了年龄在18 - 23岁的女子大学运动员，包括篮球（BB；n = 38）、足球（SOC；n = 47）、游泳（SW；n = 52）、田径短跑和跳跃运动员（TR；n = 49）以及排球（VB；n = 26），在3年的时间里于赛季前和赛季后进行了BMC/BMD测量。分别选取了年龄在18 - 24岁、相隔1 - 3年完成2次测试的85名大学女生以及年龄在18 - 20岁的170名大学女生作为对照组，用于纵向和横断面分析。所有分析均采用具有复合对称异质方差 - 协方差矩阵结构的受限最大似然线性混合模型回归分析（p≤0.05）。从第1年赛季前到第3年赛季后的增加情况如下：篮球项目中，总BMC增加3.3%，总BMD增加1.4%，脊柱BMD增加4.5%；足球项目中，总BMC增加1.5%，腿部BMD增加1.2%；游泳项目中，手臂BMD增加1.8%，腿部BMD增加1.9%，总BMD增加5.7%；田径短跑和跳跃项目中，总BMC增加2.0%，手臂BMD增加1.7%，腿部BMD增加2.3%，骨盆BMD增加3.4%，脊柱BMD增加6.0%，总BMD增加2.3%；排球项目中，手臂BMD增加4.1%，腿部BMD增加2.0%，骨盆BMD增加2.0%，脊柱BMD增加2.0%，总BMD增加2.7%。运动项目间的比较表明，除脊柱和总BMD外，篮球项目在所有变量上的BMC和BMD值均高于所有其他运动项目；篮球、足球、田径短跑和跳跃以及排球项目的总BMC（11 - 29%）、腿部BMD（13 - 20%）和总BMD（9 - 15%）高于游泳和对照组，而足球、田径短跑和跳跃以及排球项目之间差异不大。总之，在女运动员的大学生涯中，许多BMC和BMD测量值有小幅度但显著的增加。与冲击性运动项目内部较小的差异相比，冲击性和非冲击性运动项目之间的BMC和BMD差异较大。
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